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2020, Número 3

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Rev Cubana Med Trop 2020; 72 (3)


Presencia de Leptospira spp. patógenas en un sector marginal urbano del Caribe colombiano: un enfoque One-Health

Mendoza SX, Martínez RW, Parra CDL, Rodríguez SA, Varela PLL, Lagares GA

Idioma: Ingles.
Referencias bibliográficas: 32
Paginas: 1-17
Archivo PDF: 550.67 Kb.


RESUMEN

Introducción: La leptopiosis es una zonosis que tiene alto impacto en la salud de las personas y los animales, especialmente en áreas tropicales y subtropicales. Esta enfermedad es causada por el patógeno Leptospira spp. y es transmitida principalmente por los roedores.
Objetivo: Describir la presencia de Leptospira patógena y los posibles factores de riesgo de leptospirosis en un sector marginal de Colombia, con un enfoque One-Health.
Métodos: Se llevó acabo un estudio exploratorio en un sector marginal de Soledad, municipio situado en la costa norte de Colombia. Se tomaron muestras de sangre de 83 sujetos. Se analizaron variables sociodemográficas, clínicas y ecológicas relacionadas con la leptospirosis. La presencia de anticuerpos IgM anti-leptospira en el suero humano fue detectado mediante la prueba ELISA. También, se tomaron muestras de tejido renal de 53 roedores sinantrópicos para identificar Leptospira spp. patógenas mediante PCR convencional a través del uso de cebadores específicos.
Resultados: Se detectaron anticuerpos IgM-anti-leptospira en el 30,12 % de los sujetos de estudio. La Leptospira spp. patógena fue identificada en el 7,55 % de los roedores analizados. En la muestra seleccionada se encontró asociación de casos seropositivos con ser comerciantes, ama de casa y estar en contacto con cerdos. Las condiciones higiénico-sanitarias subóptimas también fueron evidentes en el área de estudio.
Conclusiones: La circulación de Leptospira spp. patógena y la exposición a factores de riesgo humanos y ecológicos es elevada en el sector marginal (área de pobreza) del Caribe colombiano. Se recomienda dirigir las intervenciones en la interfaz hombre-animal-ambiente de acuerdo con el paradigma One-Health; se debe considerar la extrema pobreza como un factor determinante para la ocurrencia de la leptospirosis.


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