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2019, Número 3

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Biotecnol Apl 2019; 36 (3)


Análisis del polimorfismo genético en líneas de soya [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] resistentes a glifosato

Delgado C, Corrales O, Hernández Y, Soto N, Ferreira A, Jiménez OR, Enríquez GA

Idioma: Ingles.
Referencias bibliográficas: 38
Paginas: 3301-3306
Archivo PDF: 717.06 Kb.


RESUMEN

El Programa de Mejoramiento Genético de la Soya [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] en Cuba se ha enfocado en mejorar el rendimiento y adicionar nuevos caracteres para un mejor manejo del cultivo. Este programa incluye la introgresión del evento de transformación GTS 40-3-2 en líneas avanzadas para conferir resistencia al herbicida glifosato. Sin embargo, no se han evaluado los genotipos obtenidos mediante marcadores moleculares. En este trabajo se usaron marcadores moleculares RAPD, ISSR y SSR para el análisis de la diversidad genética, la estimación de las relaciones de parentesco y para confirmar la identidad genética de nueve genotipos élite de soya (cinco líneas resistentes a glifosato y sus respectivos parentales). Los marcadores moleculares permitieron distinguir a los distintos cultivares. El dendrograma UPGMA construido a partir de estos agrupó a cada línea singénica con uno de sus parentales. El bajo coeficiente de similitud genética (0.4) de los parentales IncaSoy1, IncaSoy36, CEB2 y CEB4 confirmaron las diferencias genéticas observadas. Se detectaron con precisión los genotipos CEB4 y RP5 con el uso de marcadores SCAR y SSR, respectivamente, a partir de una colección de cultivares durante diferentes pruebas. Los amplicones de RAPD se convirtieron en dos nuevos marcadores SCAR, lo que permitió detectar al genotipo CEB4 y la elaboración de un perfil molecular del cultivar IncaSoy36, cruciales para futuras acciones basadas en el potencial de mejora de ambas líneas. Este sistema de marcadores podría proveer beneficios sustanciales para los mejoradores de soya y su industria semillera, y en proyectos basados en germoplasma y capacidades locales en otros países.


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