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Medicina & Laboratorio

2021, Número 4

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Medicina & Laboratorio 2021; 25 (4)


Linfomas en pacientes con VIH: una asociación compleja y frecuente. Revisión narrativa de la literatura

Herrera-Rueda GA, Mogollón-Vargas JM, Serrano-García AY, Gaviria-Jaramillo LM

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 39
Paginas: 695-707
Archivo PDF: 116.58 Kb.


RESUMEN

En Colombia, la infección por el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana (VIH) es una epidemia en aumento. Ante la mejoría de la supervivencia general con la terapia antirretroviral altamente efectiva, la aparición de neoplasias malignas ha ido desplazando las complicaciones infecciosas como principal problema en esta población. Los linfomas no Hodgkin son las neoplasias malignas definitorias de síndrome de inmunodeficiencia adquirida (SIDA) más frecuentes después del sarcoma de Kaposi, siendo el linfoma B difuso de células grandes y el linfoma de Burkitt las variantes más comunes; por otra parte, el riesgo de desarrollar linfoma de Hodgkin clásico es 5 a 20 veces mayor en pacientes positivos para VIH en comparación con la población general. Realizar un diagnóstico temprano es un reto, debido a infecciones oportunistas y a la presentación atípica de la enfermedad en este grupo de pacientes. El tratamiento de la enfermedad también supone un desafío debido a las comorbilidades y al estado funcional de los pacientes al momento del diagnóstico; sin embargo, en conjunto con esquemas combinados de quimioterapia y el uso concomitante de la terapia antirretroviral, se ha mejorado considerablemente el pronóstico, el cual actualmente se acerca al de los pacientes seronegativos. Por medio de esta revisión, se pretende describir las principales características de los linfomas asociados al VIH, de tal forma que permita a los trabajadores en salud, tener mayores elementos para el abordaje integral de esta población en nuestro país.


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