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Órgano Oficial del Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz

2022, Número 5

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Salud Mental 2022; 45 (5)


Prodromes and biological markers in schizophrenia: Importance for the dopamine, glutamate, and neurodevelopmental hypothesis

Díaz-Sánchez JP, Solís-Chagoyán H, Benítez-King GA

Idioma: Ingles.
Referencias bibliográficas: 99
Paginas: 261-272
Archivo PDF: 447.80 Kb.


RESUMEN

Antecedentes. La esquizofrenia es una enfermedad mental multifactorial. Una comprensión básica de sus componentes etiológicos mejora su entendimiento, su diagnóstico y la selección de posibles blancos terapéuticos. Objetivo. Reportar los pródromos e indicadores biológicos en pacientes esquizofrénicos o de ultra- alto riesgo (UHR) y dilucidar su especificidad. Método. Revisión narrativa de fuentes relevantes en inglés y español en la base de datos Medline-PubMed sobre las anomalías física menores, anomalías cognitivas, cambios neuroanatómicos, sinápticos y celulares presentes en pacientes esquizofrénicos y/o en sujetos de UHR. Resultados. Los pacientes con EZ y, de manera menos predominante, los sujetos de UHR presentan manifestaciones fenotípicas y conductuales que se correlacionan con los procesos celulares subyacentes. El estudio de éstos permite caracterizar diferentes biomarcadores diagnósticos. En la actualidad, su aplicación en la clínica es limitada por distintos factores como son la fisiopatología poco comprendida, la falta de modelos de estudio, la homología con otros trastornos psiquiátricos y los escasos ensayos clínicos realizados. Discusión y conclusión. La esquizofrenia es la manifestación final de daños en el neurodesarrollo prenatal y post-natal, y se refleja durante la etapa prodrómica en indicadores biológicos tempranos con relevancia clínica. Se requiere establecer nuevos modelos de estudio que permitan ampliar el conocimiento para ofrecer biomarcadores específicos para ser usados en el diagnóstico clínico temprano.


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