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2021, Número 2

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Revista Cubana de Obstetricia y Ginecología 2021; 47 (2)


Impacto de la enfermedad por COVID-19 en el embarazo

Mendoza QJ, Medina SC, Torres GS, Caballero AJ

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 74
Paginas: 1-20
Archivo PDF: 455.35 Kb.


RESUMEN

Introducción: A fines del 2019 en Wuhan-China se reportaron neumonías atípicas, un nuevo coronavirus era la causa, la designaron como SARS-CoV-2 y es responsable de millones de infecciones y miles de muertes en todo el mundo. Las mujeres embarazadas son consideradas una población vulnerable frente a infecciones virales del tracto respiratorio debido a los cambios fisiológicos en esta etapa.
Objetivos: Realizar una revisión bibliográfica para identificar el impacto de la infección por SARS-CoV2 durante el embarazo y su relación con las complicaciones maternas.
Métodos: Se realiza una revisión de la información en las bases de datos Medline/Pubmed, BVS y Scopus, mediante la utilización de los siguientes términos COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, pregnancy. Análisis y síntesis de la información: Las mujeres embarazadas generalmente cursan la enfermedad con formas leves, sin embargo, existe evidencia en la literatura revisada, que éstas mujeres tienen alto riesgo de complicaciones, tales como parto pretérmino y distrés fetal, por lo que se requiere monitoreo materno y fetal. Así mismo, no se ha encontrado evidencia de transmisión vertical.
Conclusiones: Se requiere una vigilancia tanto de la madre como de su producto, en el período de la enfermedad debido a que existe riesgo de sufrimiento fetal y parto pretérmino. No se ha encontrado suficiente evidencia que sugiera una posible transmisión vertical y su impacto en el recién nacido, por lo que se considera adecuado el parto vaginal como primera elección, y reservar el parto por cesárea solo cuando sea obstétricamente necesario.


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