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2021, Número 2

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Revista Cubana de Salud y Trabajo 2021; 22 (2)


Construcción y propiedades psicométricas de la Escala Demandas-Recursos Laborales para medir el estrés laboral

Patlán PJ

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 36
Paginas: 3-16
Archivo PDF: 356.69 Kb.


RESUMEN

Introducción: El estrés laboral constituye un problema actual de salud ocupacional y su medición representa un reto. El modelo Demandas-Recursos Laborales sustenta los efectos directos e indirectos de sus componentes en el estrés y la motivación de los trabajadores.
Objetivo: Diseñar una escala para medir el estrés laboral basada en el modelo Demandas-Recursos Laborales.
Material y método: Se realizó una revisión a la literatura. Se determinó la estructura factorial de la escala. Se aplicó la técnica de redes semánticas naturales para identifi-car los significados psicológicos de los factores de la escala y la con-trastación de los resultados obtenidos. Se elaboró el banco de reacti-vos, la validez interjueces, la integración de la escala y la aplicación de la escala a una muestra de 513 trabajadores para determinar sus pro-piedades psicométricas.
Resultados: Arrojó una escala con 75 reacti-vos y 14 factores, seis demandas laborales (demandas físicas y psico-lógicas, demandas cognitivas, demandas emocionales, sobrecarga, presión de tiempo, conflicto y ambigüedad de rol) y ocho recursos laborales (retroalimentación, participación en la toma de decisiones, autonomía, recompensas, estabilidad en el empleo, oportunidades de desarrollo laboral, apoyo social de compañeros y apoyo social del superior).
Conclusiones: Se señala que la escala es válida y confiable. Es recomendable que futuras investigaciones efectúen la validez externa de la escala asociándola con el burnout y el engagement de acuerdo con el modelo Demandas-recursos laborales.


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