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2021, Número 3

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Rev Cub de Reu 2021; 23 (3)


Primer consenso cubano sobre el uso de terapia convencional y biológica en pacientes con artritis reumatoide

Toledano ZM, Guibert; Marrero WM, Bermúdez; Martínez AA, Hernández; Cuevas JR, Morasen; Llerena G, Reyes; Del Toro M, Estévez; Capote A, Chico; Manzano O, Caliste; Dorzón E, Bicet; López Mantecón, AM; Benítez Cuevas, B; Leyva Alfaro, I; Martínez Despaigna, B; González Otero, ZA; Fusté Jiménez, C; Suárez Martín, R; Suárez Rodríguez, BL; Egües Mesa, JL; Nerey González, W; Reyes Medina, EA; Martínez Larrarte, JP; De León Castillo, MC; González Lemus, JA; Del Campo Avilés, E; García Stevens, A; Mirabal Sánchez, H; Hernández Muñís, Y; Caballé Ferreira, M; Gil Armenteros, R; Reyes Pineda, Y; Gómez Conde, SY; Blanco de la Portilla, MC; Hernández García, M; Figueroa Puente, Z; Cantera Oceguera, D; Chall Rodríguez, E; Coto Hermosilla, C; Rodríguez Zulueta, Y; Pozo Abreu, SM

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 167
Paginas:
Archivo PDF: 698.84 Kb.


RESUMEN

Introducción: La elaboración de recomendaciones dirigidas al tratamiento de la artritis reumatoide (AR) en el contexto cubano puede ser una de las vías para lograr un mejor control de esta enfermedad.
Objetivo: Consensar y actualizar aspectos relevantes de la terapia modificadora de la AR, convencional y biológica, en Cuba.
Métodos: Se convocó a 18 especialistas pertenecientes a 8 provincias de Cuba, expertos en la atención de la AR, según los años de dedicación a la especialidad, las conferencias sobre este tema y sus publicaciones. La primera reunión ocurrió en marzo del 2016 en el hospital provincial de Villa Clara, Cuba, con la participación de todos los expertos. Se desarrolló la revisión de la bibliografía sobre terapia convencional y biológica recopilada previamente por los participantes, y se formaron dos equipos: el primero abordaría todo lo referente a la terapia convencional en AR (TCAR) y el otro la terapia biológica en AR (TBAR). Se confeccionaron tres cuestionarios relacionados con el uso de corticoesteroides, TCAR y TBAR, respondidos por los participantes mediante correo electrónico. En una segunda reunión, efectuada en octubre del 2016 en La Habana, se llevó a cabo el análisis de todas las respuestas aportadas. Las preguntas cuya respuesta tuviera 90 % o más votos se consideraron como recomendación.
Resultados: Los cuestionarios fueron respondidos por el 95 % de los participantes. Se establecieron 9 recomendaciones y 1 algoritmo. Las recomendaciones son las siguientes: el metotrexato es la droga de elección en el tratamiento de la AR después del diagnóstico; se recomienda la administración de otro fármaco convencional (DMARDc) (azatioprina, salazosulfapiridina, antimaláricos y leflunomida) en los enfermos con diagnóstico de AR activa en quienes el metotrexato estuviera contraindicado o existiera fallo en la respuesta ―contemplar la administración de bajas dosis de prednisona o equivalente (< 7,5 mg/día) asociadas a DMARDc en pacientes con AR activa de moderada a grave, por el menor tiempo posible―; realizar control serológico incluyendo pruebas para virus de hepatitis B, C y pesquisaje para VIH en todos los pacientes con diagnóstico de AR antes de iniciar tratamiento con DMARDc y biológicos; en los pacientes en remisión o, al menos, con un DAS-28 por debajo de 3.2, se debe considerar retirar uno de los DMARD o la reducción, a la mínima expresión posible, de la dosis de ambos modificadores de la enfermedad; si falla el metotrexato, se indicará tocilizumab combinado con metotrexato o en monoterapia.
Conclusiones: Se consensaron aspectos relacionados con la terapia convencional con metotrexato, azatioprina, salazosulfapiridina, antimaláricos y leflunomida. Se analizó el valor del diagnóstico precoz e inicio inmediato de la terapia con DMARDc y el uso de glucocorticoides. El tratamiento con tocilizumab, único biológico disponible en Cuba contra la AR, se administrará cuando exista fallo en la respuesta a la terapia convencional y combinaciones entre estos fármacos. Se recomienda la realización de conferencias educativas a través de los medios de comunicación masiva dirigidas a los pacientes.


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