medigraphic.com

2023, Número 1

<< Anterior Siguiente >>

rev homeostasis 2023; 5 (1)


Preeclampsia: revisión

Santa Cruz-Pavlovich FJ, Salmeron-Salcedo CA, Ponce-Rivera MS, Luna-Flores A

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 27
Paginas:
Archivo PDF: 232.20 Kb.


RESUMEN

La preeclampsia es un trastorno hipertensivo asociado al embarazo observado en un 2 al 8% de las gestaciones. Esta se caracteriza por hipertensión arterial y proteinuria, ambas de nueva aparición, posterior a la semana 20 de gestación. La fisiopatogenia de esta condición aún no se conoce del todo, pero dependerá del tipo de preeclampsia; en la de inicio temprano, menos frecuente pero más severa, se sabe que en esta influye una placentación anómala; en el caso de la preeclampsia de inicio tardío, más común pero menos severa, se sabe que involucra factores de riesgo cardiovasculares maternos. A su vez, esta puede ser clasificada como preeclampsia con o sin datos de severidad dependiendo de los signos y síntomas, cada una con un manejo específico. Es importante conocer que esta puede complicarse a eclampsia, caracterizada por la presencia de convulsiones tónico-clónicas generalizadas; o desarrollarse como el síndrome de HELLP, caracterizado por hemólisis, daño hepático y trombocitopenia; ambos llevando a complicaciones más severas, así como una tasa de mortalidad más elevada. La preeclampsia, al ser una condición común del embarazo que puede llevar a complicaciones graves, debe ser reconocible para cualquier médico, para que este sepa identificar sus factores de riesgo y sus síntomas, para así prevenir morbimortalidad tanto materna como fetal.


REFERENCIAS (EN ESTE ARTÍCULO)

  1. Ives CW, Sinkey R, Rajapreyar I, Tita ATN, Oparil S. Preeclampsia—Pathophysiology and Clinical Presentations: JACC State-of-the-Art Review. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2020 Oct 6;76(14):1690–702.

  2. Phipps EA, Thadhani R, Benzing T, Karumanchi SA. Pre-eclampsia: pathogenesis, novel diagnostics and therapies. Nat Rev Nephrol 2019 155 [Internet]. 2019 Feb 21 [cited 2021 Aug 20];15(5):275–89. Available from: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41581-019-0119-6

  3. Goel A, Maski MR, Bajracharya S, Wenger JB, Zhang D, Salahuddin S, et al. Epidemiology and Mechanisms of De Novo and Persistent Hypertension in the Postpartum Period. Circulation [Internet]. 2015 Nov 3 [cited 2021 Aug 20];132(18):1726–33. Available from: https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/abs/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.115.015721

  4. Fox R, Kitt J, Leeson P, Aye CYL, Lewandowski AJ. Preeclampsia: Risk Factors, Diagnosis, Management, and the Cardiovascular Impact on the Offspring. J Clin Med 2019, Vol 8, Page 1625 [Internet]. 2019 Oct 4 [cited 2021 Aug 29];8(10):1625. Available from: https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/8/10/1625/htm

  5. Wang W, Xie X, Yuan T, Wang Y, Zhao F, Zhou Z, et al. Epidemiological trends of maternal hypertensive disorders of pregnancy at the global, regional, and national levels: a population‐based study. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2021 211 [Internet]. 2021 May 8 [cited 2021 Aug 29];21(1):1–10. Available from: https://bmcpregnancychildbirth.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12884-021-03809-2

  6. Bell MJ. A Historical Overview of Preeclampsia‐Eclampsia. J Obstet Gynecol Neonatal Nurs [Internet]. 2010 Sep 1 [cited 2021 Aug 29];39(5):510–8. Available from: http://www.jognn.org/article/S0884217515303142/fulltext

  7. Roberts JM, Taylor RN, Musci TJ, Rodgers GM, Hubel CA, McLaughlin MK. Preeclampsia: An endothelial cell disorder. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1989 Nov 1;161(5):1200–4.

  8. Armaly Z, Jadaon JE, Jabbour A, Abassi ZA. Preeclampsia: Novel Mechanisms and Potential Therapeutic Approaches. Front Physiol. 2018 Jul 25;0(JUL):973.

  9. Sánchez-Rodríguez EN, Nava-Salazar S,Morán C, Romero-Arauz JF, Cerbón-Cervantes MA. Estado actual de la preeclampsia en México: de lo epidemiológico a sus mecanismos moleculares. Rev Investig Clínica. 2010;62(3):252–60.

  10. Aurora M. Frecuencia de pre-eclampsia/eclampsia y violencia familiar en dos grupos de mujeres. 2011;9(2):32–43.

  11. Acosta-Sison H. The relationship of hydatidiform mole to pre-eclampsia and eclampsia: A study of 85 cases. Am J Obstet Gynecol [Internet]. 1956 Jun 1 [cited 2021 Aug 23];71(6):1279–82. Available from: http://www.ajog.org/article/0002937856904379/fulltext

  12. Staff AC, Fjeldstad HE, Fosheim IK, Moe K, Turowski G, Johnsen GM, et al. Failure of physiological transformation and spiral artery atherosis: their roles in preeclampsia. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2020 Sep 21;

  13. JW M, R P, M H, IR M, A van A. A study of placental bed spiral arteries and trophoblast invasion in normal and severe pre-eclamptic pregnancies. Br J Obstet Gynaecol [Internet]. 1994 [cited 2021 Aug 23];101(8):669–74. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7947500/

  14. Roberts JM, Escudero C. The placenta in preeclampsia. Pregnancy Hypertens [Internet]. 2012 Apr [cited 2021 Aug 23];2(2):72. Available from: /pmc/articles/PMC3381433/

  15. Zhou Y, Damsky CH, Fisher SJ. Preeclampsia is associated with failure of human cytotrophoblasts to mimic a vascular adhesion phenotype. One cause of defective endovascular invasion in this syndrome? J Clin Invest [Internet]. 1997 May 1 [cited 2021 Aug 23];99(9):2152. Available from: /pmc/articles/PMC508045/?report=abstract

  16. Palmer KR, Tong S, Kaitu’u-Lino TJ. Placental-specific sFLT-1: role in pre-eclamptic pathophysiology and its translational possibilities for clinical prediction and diagnosis. Mol Hum Reprod [Internet]. 2017 Feb 10 [cited 2021 Aug 23];23(2):69–78. Available from: https://academic.oup.com/molehr/article/23/2/69/2706017

  17. S A, A A. Elevated placental soluble vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-1 inhibits angiogenesis in preeclampsia. Circ Res [Internet]. 2004 Oct 29 [cited 2021 Aug 23];95(9):884–91. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15472115/

  18. Ahmed A. New insights into the etiology of preeclampsia: identification of key elusive factors for the vascular complications. Thromb Res [Internet]. 2011 Feb 1 [cited 2021 Aug 23];127(SUPPL. 3):S72–5. Available from: http://www.thrombosisresearch.com/article/S0049384811700202/fulltext

  19. George EM, Granger JP. Endothelin: Key Mediator of Hypertension in Preeclampsia. Am J Hypertens [Internet]. 2011 Sep 1 [cited 2021 Aug 23];24(9):964–9. Available from: https://academic.oup.com/ajh/article/24/9/964/215653

  20. Liu F, Wang Y, Wang X, Zheng Y, Jin Z, Zhi J. Role of agonistic autoantibodies against type-1 angiotensin II receptor in the pathogenesis of retinopathy in preeclampsia. Sci Reports 2016 61 [Internet]. 2016 Jul 6 [cited 2021 Aug 23];6(1):1–11. Available from: https://www.nature.com/articles/srep29036

  21. H V, B V, G G, GP N. Early and late preeclampsia: two different maternal hemodynamic states in the latent phase of the disease. Hypertens (Dallas, Tex 1979) [Internet]. 2008 Nov [cited 2021 Aug 28];52(5):873–80. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18824660/

  22. Erez O, Romero R, Maymon E, Chaemsaithong P, Done B, Pacora P, et al. The prediction of late-onset preeclampsia: Results from a longitudinal proteomics study. PLoS One [Internet]. 2017 Jul 1 [cited 2021 Aug 28];12(7). Available from: /pmc/articles/PMC5524331/

  23. Portelli M, Baron B. Clinical presentation of preeclampsia and the diagnostic value of proteins and their methylation products as biomarkers in pregnant women withpreeclampsia and their newborns. J Pregnancy. 2018;2018.

  24. Bracamonte Peniche J, Lopez Bolio V, Maria MC, Ponce Puerto JM, Sanabrais Lopez MJ, Mendez Dominguez N. Características clínicas y fisiológicas del síndrome de Hellp. 2018;29(2). Available from: http://revistabiomedica.mx/index.php/revbiomed/article/view/612

  25. Gasnier R. Eclampsia: an overview clinical presentation, diagnosis and management. MOJ Women?s Heal [Internet]. 2016 Nov 28 [cited 2021 Aug 29];Volume 3(Issue 2). Available from: https://medcraveonline.com/MOJWH/MOJWH-03-00061.php

  26. Gestational Hypertension and Preeclampsia: ACOG Practice Bulletin, Number 222. Obstet Gynecol [Internet]. 2020 Jun 1 [cited 2021 Aug 29];135(6):e237–60. Available from: https://journals.lww.com/greenjournal/Fulltext/2020/06000/Gestational_Hypertension_and_Preeclampsia__ACOG.46.aspx

  27. Roccella EJ. Report of the National High Blood Pressure Education Program Working Group on High Blood Pressure in Pregnancy. Am J Obstet Gynecol [Internet]. 2000 Jul 1 [cited 2021 Aug 29];183(1):s1–22. Available from:http://www.ajog.org/article/S0002937800408203/fulltext




2020     |     www.medigraphic.com