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2021, Número 4

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Rev Cub Oftal 2021; 34 (4)


Defectos refractivos en pacientes prematuros

Casanueva CHC, Pérez RM, Porta DY, Méndez STJ, González BY

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 35
Paginas: 1-16
Archivo PDF: 312.31 Kb.


RESUMEN

El nacimiento prematuro favorece la aparición de alteraciones visuales donde los defectos refractivos altos prevalecen, pues se afecta el proceso de emetropización. La revisión tuvo como objetivo describir la miopía del prematuro como resultado de una alteración en el desarrollo del segmento anterior. La hipermetropía se observa de mayor cuantía en estos pacientes, así como el astigmatismo significativo. Entre los factores de mayor peso se encuentran, además de la prematuridad, el bajo peso al nacer, la presencia de retinopatía del prematuro y su tratamiento con láser. Las evaluaciones oftalmológicas sistemáticas permiten detectar y corregir a tiempo estas alteraciones y favorecen una función visual óptima con menor riesgo de ambliopía. Los artículos que se consultaron son fundamentalmente de los últimos cinco años, en idiomas español e inglés, disponibles en textos completos y resúmenes en algunas bases de datos como PubMed, Ebsco, Google Académico y Scielo.


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