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2022, Número 1

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Rev Cubana Med Trop 2022; 74 (1)


Implicaciones de los virus Zika y Chikungunya en el semen durante la transmisión sexual

Montaño MVM, Mendez CYA, Montoya C, Urcuqui-Inchima S, Velilla PA, Cardona MWD

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 94
Paginas:
Archivo PDF: 465.65 Kb.


RESUMEN

Introducción: Los brotes de enfermedades causados por los virus Zika (VZIK) y Chikungunya (VCHIK) representan un problema de salud pública para muchos países tropicales y subtropicales.
Objetivo: Discutir las implicaciones del hallazgo del VZIK y del VCHIK en el semen, y su relación con la transmisión sexual y la fertilidad masculina.
Métodos: Se realizó una revisión narrativa de la literatura usando artículos indexados en PubMed (Medline), Embase y Scopus.
Información, análisis y síntesis: Si bien los mosquitos del género Aedes son el vector principal y transmiten ambos virus, la transmisión sexual es una vía de infección significativa del VZIK y una posible ruta alterna para el VCHIK. La diseminación de estas arbovirosis vía linfática y sanguínea contribuye a la infección de diversos tejidos, incluyendo el tracto reproductivo masculino, donde el VZIK puede persistir. La infección de los testículos y quizás también de las glándulas accesorias del sistema reproductor masculino, se asocia con síntomas genitourinarios o alteraciones espermáticas, relacionadas con la detección del virus por largos periodos. Aunque no hay evidencia contundente sobre la presencia del VCHIK en el tracto genital masculino, se ha hallado en orina y semen. Además, se ha sugerido una posible persistencia en macrófagos que pueden infiltrar diferentes tejidos periféricos y cumplir una función de reservorio.
Conclusiones: Hay presencia y persistencia de los virus Zika y Chikungunya en el tracto reproductor masculino. La infección en el semen se asocia con la transmisión sexual del virus, y con la alteración en la producción y calidad de los espermatozoides, con consecuencias clínicas graves en la salud sexual y reproductiva de los hombres infectados.


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