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Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública

2024, Número 2

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salud publica mex 2024; 66 (2)


Migración forzada y malestar psicológico en migrantes en tránsito por México

Bojórquez-Chapela I, Leyva-Flores R, Gómez-López D, Vázquez EK, Cortés-Alcalá R

Idioma: Ingles.
Referencias bibliográficas: 38
Paginas: 173-181
Archivo PDF: 293.01 Kb.


RESUMEN

Objetivo. Evaluar la presencia de malestar psicológico en migrantes no mexicanos en tránsito por México y la asociación entre migración forzada y malestar psicológico en esta población. Material y métodos. Encuesta transversal a una muestra no probabilística de migrantes no mexicanos en seis albergues en México, de noviembre 2021 a mayo de 2022. Se evaluó el malestar psicológico con la escala PHQ-4 y se definió migración forzada como aquella motivada por conflicto político o social, violencia o inseguridad, desastres naturales o identidad sexual. Se analizó la asociación entre migración forzada y malestar psicológico, ajustando por otras variables, mediante regresión binomial negativa. Resultados. El 52.2% de los 2 355 participantes eran migrantes forzados, y 51% tenía puntuaciones en el rango moderadosevero del PHQ-4. La migración forzada (coeficiente 0.11, p=.004), las experiencias de violencia antes de iniciar el trayecto (coeficiente 0.16, p‹.001) y durante el trayecto (coeficiente .09 p=.013), se asociaron con puntuaciones más altas en el PHQ-4. Conclusión. Los resultados confirman que quienes dejan sus países de origen por migración forzada experimentan más malestar psicológico que otro tipo de migrantes. Es importante atender las necesidades de salud mental de este grupo de migrantes en tránsito por México.


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