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TIP Revista Especializada en Ciencias Químico-Biológicas

2023, Número 1

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TIP Rev Esp Cienc Quim Biol 2023; 26 (1)


Diversidad y complejidad estructural del flagelo bacteriano

Domenzain-Reyna C, Camarena L

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 120
Paginas: 1-20
Archivo PDF: 458.84 Kb.


RESUMEN

Esta revisión muestra la estructura y biogénesis del flagelo bacteriano y su diversidad estructural en numerosos modelos bacterianos. Se expone, cómo a partir de un núcleo estructural flagelar conservado (NEFC), se han diversificado las estructuras que modifican su capacidad y función. Esta variabilidad se sabe, participa en la habilidad de adaptación de cada especie a un nicho específico. El motor flagelar bacteriano es una estructura compleja constituida por un rotor y un estator, los cuales se encuentran embebidos en la envoltura celular. La incorporación de nuevos componentes, que contribuyen a su funcionamiento, incluyen la presencia de anillos o discos adicionales a los presentes en el NEFC, cubriendo o interactuando con el cuerpo basal y el estator, lo que permite una mayor eficiencia y velocidad de rotación al favorecer el reclutamiento de un mayor número de estatores, o que permiten la estabilización de estos al rotor. Además, podemos encontrar ganchos más robustos o filamentos con flagelinas modificadas que presentan propiedades enzimáticas. El aumento de los modelos bacterianos estudiados junto con el avance de las técnicas de visualización como la criomicroscopía, han permitido describir la gran riqueza existente en las variaciones de la arquitectura flagelar lo que ha llevado a un cambio de paradigma al lograr entender algunos de los procesos que permiten el ensamblaje y función del motor flagelar. Todo lo mencionado evidencia el momento de rápido progreso que el campo de estudio del flagelo bacteriano muestra recientemente.


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