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2007, Número 1

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Rev Inst Nal Enf Resp Mex 2007; 20 (1)


Efecto del daño de vías dopaminérgicas mesencefálicas en la conducta adictiva al tabaco. Revisión generadora de una hipótesis

Escobar AE, Pérez BO, Ramírez VA, Sansores RH

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 48
Paginas: 56-63
Archivo PDF: 113.00 Kb.


RESUMEN

El tabaquismo es la enfermedad prevenible que se relaciona con más problemas de salud y causas de muerte en el mundo. Se ha estimado una prevalencia de 1,100 millones de personas en el mundo con adicción al tabaco. La adicción a la nicotina depende de múltiples factores; está documentado que el sistema nervioso central desempeña un importante papel en su desarrollo a través de la estimulación de receptores neuronales dopaminérgicos por la nicotina. La dopamina tiene su principal síntesis en las neuronas de la sustancia nigra y área tegmental ventral del mesencéfalo, las cuales se proyectan hacia los núcleos basales y núcleo accumbens. Los estudios en animales sugieren que el sistema dopaminérgico está involucrado de manera importante en la adicción a la nicotina. Las lesiones neurotóxicas del sistema mesolímbico o la administración sistémica de un bloqueador del receptor de nicotina reduce la administración de nicotina en roedores; sin embargo, estos hallazgos se han realizado en modelos animales, siendo difícil corroborarlos en humanos porque no se puede experimentar en ellos y causarles daño tóxico o vascular de las vías dopaminérgicas mesencefálicas. Una estrategia circunstancial apropiada podría llevarse a cabo analizando la conducta en términos de adicción de sujetos con lesiones del mesencéfalo, secundarias a un evento vascular cerebral.


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