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2024, Número 1

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Rev Elec Psic Izt 2024; 27 (1)


Síntomas de salud mental, bienestar psicológico y estrategias de afrontamiento en una muestra de personal médico de primera línea de la ciudad de Medellín, Colombia, durante la pandemia de COVID-19

Klimenko O, Hernández-FN, Beltrán RE, Cuartas ATF, Naranjo RAM

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 47
Paginas: 438-463
Archivo PDF: 236.70 Kb.


RESUMEN

Introducción: La pandemia de COVID-19 ha afectado a la salud mental de las personas en todo el mundo, siendo el personal médico de primera línea el más afectado, surgiendo la urgencia de prepararlos con habilidades blandas y estrategias de afrontamiento para fortalecer su salud mental. Objetivo: Describir los síntomas de salud mental y bienestar psicológico y su relación con las estrategias de afrontamiento en una muestra de personal médico de primera línea durante la crisis sanitaria de la pandemia de COVID-19. Método: Estudio cuantitativo, descriptivocorrelacional transversal. Se utilizó la Escala de Estrategias de Afrontamiento (EEC-M), la Escala de Bienestar Psicológico (EBP) y el Inventario de Síntomas SCL-90-R de Derogatis (1994) en una muestra de 57 participantes pertenecientes a personal médico de primera línea en atención a pacientes con COVID entre los meses de septiembre y diciembre de 2020. Resultados: No se identificó la presencia de riesgo en los síntomas de salud mental, y el bienestar psicológico mostró puntuaciones en el rango normal. Esto se asoció al uso frecuente de estrategias de afrontamiento funcionales como la búsqueda de apoyo profesional y la revalorización positiva y al bajo uso de estrategias de afrontamiento no funcionales como la espera, la evitación emocional, la reacción agresiva, la evitación cognitiva y la negación en la muestra de estudio. Conclusiones: Se evidencia la contribución de un uso asertivo de estrategias de afrontamiento en emergencias sanitarias atípicas en personal médico de primera línea durante la pandemia de COVID-19, lo que indica la necesidad de formación y entrenamiento en habilidades blandas en estos profesionales.


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