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2025, Número 1

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salud publica mex 2025; 67 (1)


El ensayo diana para la inferencia causal en estudios observacionales

Núñez I, Lajous M

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 42
Paginas: 83-90
Archivo PDF: 272.10 Kb.


RESUMEN

El uso de estudios observacionales para inferencia causal es una necesidad, ya que no siempre se cuenta con ensayos clínicos aleatorizados. Para reducir las fuentes de sesgo presentes en estudios observacionales “clásicos” se ha propuesto utilizar el marco de referencia del ensayo diana. Esto es, primero, definir los siguientes componentes del protocolo del ensayo clínico pragmático (el ensayo diana) que respondería nuestra pregunta de investigación: criterios de elegibilidad, estrategias de tratamiento, métodos de asignación, periodo de seguimiento, desenlace, contrastes causales y plan de análisis. Posteriormente, estos componentes se modifican con base en los datos observacionales disponibles y se utilizan para emular al ensayo diana lo más de cerca posible. Esto resulta en estudios observacionales con menos sesgo y resultados más confiables. Sin embargo, siguen tradándose de estudios observacionales y no de experimentos aleatorizados, lo cual les confiere algunas limitaciones.


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