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2022, Número 3

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Rev cubana med 2022; 61 (3)


Influencia de la actividad física en los procesos cognitivos

Piñera CHJ, Ruiz GLA

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 62
Paginas: 1-11
Archivo PDF: 343.21 Kb.


RESUMEN

Introducción: Las bases del comportamiento humano y la capacidad de interacción con todo lo que está a su alrededor están fundamentadas en los mecanismos cognitivos. Profundizar en el estudio de los efectos de la actividad física sobre el rendimiento de los mismos posee gran relevancia.
Objetivo: Describir la influencia de la actividad física en las funciones y habilidades cognitivas.
Métodos: Se realizó un estudio de revisión bibliográfica en las bases de datos Web of Science, Scopus, Dialnet, PubMed, ERIC, SPORTDiscus y PsycINFO. Luego de aplicar criterios de inclusión/exclusión, fueron seleccionados 62 artículos.
Desarrollo: Como respuesta al ejercicio físico, mejora el funcionamiento del metabolismo neuronal y mitocondrial a través de la regulación de vías vasculares, metabólicas e inflamatorias. La actividad física influye positivamente en la plasticidad sináptica, lo cual mejora la función visoespacial, la velocidad de procesamiento, la resolución de problemas, el rendimiento académico, la atención sostenida y la función ejecutiva.
Conclusiones: La actividad física influye positivamente en el funcionamiento cerebral y, por tanto, en los procesos cognitivos. Una condición física óptima, así como niveles moderados y vigorosos de actividad física, tienen un impacto favorable en las funciones cognitivas.


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