Bayro JNE, Ramos VLE, Arellano AKJ, López HD

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 35
Paginas: 40-47
Archivo PDF: 601.85 Kb.

RESUMEN

La taquicardia es una frecuencia cardiaca mayor a 100 latidos por minuto; es un hallazgo frecuente en la práctica médica con una prevalencia creciente. El trazo electrocardiográfico con taquicardia implica un reto diagnóstico, con estudios que documentan baja precisión en la capacidad de los profesionales de la salud de identificar estas afecciones. Si bien existen múltiples propuestas para el tratamiento sistemático de la taquicardia, hace falta una herramienta diseñada para el proceso diagnóstico cotidiano de las taquiarritmias en el contexto hispanohablante. En esta comunicación breve se propone un algoritmo diagnóstico para la interpretación rápida y eficaz de 11 ritmos de taquicardia identificables en el electrocardiograma, con insistencia en la importancia clínica de la identificación precisa para el tratamiento adecuado.

REFERENCIAS (EN ESTE ARTÍCULO)

1. Schnabel RB, Yin X, Gona P, Larson MG, et al. 50 year trendsin atrial fibrillation prevalence, incidence, risk factors, andmortality in the Framingham Heart Study: a cohort study.Lancet 2015; 386 (9989): 154-62. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(14)61774-8

2. Page RL. 2015 ACC/AHA/HRS Guideline for the Managementof Adult Patients with Supraventricular Tachycardia.Circulation 2015; 133 (14). https://doi.org/10.1161/CIR.000000000000031

3. Jong-Ming Pang B, Green MS. Epidemiology of ventriculartachyarrhythmia: Any changes in the past decades? HerzschrittmachertherElektrophysiolog 2017; 28 (2): 143-8.https://doi.org/10.1007/s00399-017-0503-5

4. Cook DA, Oh SY, Pusic MV. Accuracy of physicians’ electrocardiograminterpretations: A systematic review and metaanalysis.JAMA Intern Med 2020; 180 (11): 1461. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamainternmed.2020.3989

5. Gottschalk BH, Anselm DD, Brugada J, Brugada P, et al.Expert cardiologists cannot distinguish between Brugadaphenocopy and Brugada syndrome electrocardiogram patterns.Europace 2016; 18 (7): 1095-100. https://doi.org/10.1093/europace/euv278

6. Alventosa-Zaidin M, Pera G, Roca Saumell C, MengualMiralles N, et al. Diagnosis of right bundle branch block:a concordance study. BMC Fam Pract 2019; 20 (1): 58.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12875-019-0946-3

7. Nijpels G, Van Der Heijden AAWA, Elders P, Beulens JWJ, DeVet HCW. The interobserver agreement of ECG abnormalitiesusing Minnesota codes in people with type 2 diabetes.Plos One 2021; 16 (8): e0255466. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0255466

8. Isenhour JL, Craig S, Gibbs M, Littmann L, et al. Widecomplextachycardia: Continued evaluation of diagnosticcriteria. Acad Emerg Med 2000; 7 (7): 769-73. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1553-2712.2000.tb02267.x

9. May AM, Brenes-Salazar JA, DeSimone CV, Vaidya VR, etal. Electrocardiogram algorithms used to differentiatewide complex tachycardias demonstrate diagnostic limitationswhen applied by non-cardiologists. J Electrocardiol2018; 51 (6): 1103-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jelectrocard.2018.09.015

10. Kaiser E, Darrieux FCC, Barbosa SA, Grinberg R, et al. Differentialdiagnosis of wide QRS tachycardias: comparisonof two electrocardiographic algorithms. Europace 2015;17 (9): 1422-7. https://doi.org/10.1093/europace/euu354

11. Chen Q, Xu J, Gianni C, Trivedi C, et al. Simple electrocardiographiccriteria for rapid identification of wide QRScomplex tachycardia: The new limb lead algorithm. HeartRhythm 2020; 17 (3): 431-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hrthm.2019.09.021

12. January CT, Wann LS, Calkins H, Chen LY, et al. 2019 AHA/ACC/HRS Focused Update of the 2014 AHA/ACC/HRSGuideline for the Management of Patients with Atrial Fibrillation:A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical PracticeGuidelines and the Heart Rhythm Society in CollaborationWith the Society of Thoracic Surgeons. Circulation 2019;140 (2). https://doi.org/10.1161/CIR.0000000000000665

13. ondori Leandro HI, Lebedev DS, Mikhaylov EN. Discriminationof ventricular tachycardia and localization of its exitsite using surface electrocardiography. J Geriatr Cardiol2019; 16 (4): 362-77. https://doi.org/10.11909/j.issn.1671-5411.2019.04.008

14. Advanced cardiovascular life support: provider manual.Dallas, TX: American Heart Association; 2020.

15. Buttà C, Tuttolomondo A, Di Raimondo D, Milio G, et al.The supraventricular tachycardias: Proposal of a diagnosticalgorithm for the narrow complex tachycardias. JCardiol 2013; 61 (4): 247-55. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jjcc.2012.11.008

16. Bayés De Luna A, Fiol‐Sala M, Bayés‐Genís A, BaranchukA, et al. Clinical electrocardiography: A textbook. 1st ed.Wiley; 2021.

17. Garner JB, Miller JM. Wide complex tachycardia – ventriculartachycardia or not ventricular tachycardia, that remainsthe question. Arrhythmia Electrophysiol Rev 2013; 2 (1):23. https://doi.org/10.15420/aer.2013.2.1.23

18. Enriquez A, Baranchuk A, Briceno D, Saenz L, Garcia F.How to use the 12-lead ECG to predict the site of originof idiopathic ventricular arrhythmias. Heart Rhythm2019; 16 (10): 1538-44. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hrthm.2019.04.002

19. Edhouse J, Morris F. ABC of clinical electrocardiography:Broad complex tachycardia-Part II. BMJ 2002; 324 (7340):776-9. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.324.7340.776.

20. Mond HG, Haqqani HM. The electrocardiographic footprintsof ventricular ectopy. Heart Lung Circ 2020; 29 (7):988-99. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hlc.2020.01.002

21. Yamada T. Twelve‐lead electrocardiographic localizationof idiopathic premature ventricular contraction origins. JCardiovasc Electrophysiol 2019; 30 (11): 2603-17. https://doi.org/10.1111/jce.14152

22. Marcus GM. Evaluation and management of prematureventricular complexes. Circulation 2020; 141 (17): 1404-18.https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.119.042434

23. Neiger JS, Trohman RG. Differential diagnosis of tachycardiawith a typical left bundle branch block morphology. WorldJ Cardiol 2011; 3 (5): 127-34. https://doi.org/10.4330/wjc.v3.i5.127

24. Nikoo MH, Aslani A, Jorat MV. LBBB: State-of-the-art criteria.Int Cardiovasc Res J 2013; 7 (2): 39-40.

25. Raharjo SB, Putro AH, Santoso A, Hanafy DA, et al. Simpleelectrocardiography algorithm for localizing accessorypathway in patients with Wolff–Parkinson–White syndrome.Acta Cardiol 2022; 77 (8): 729-33. https://doi.org/10.1080/00015385.2021.1967623

26. Bosen DM. Diagnóstico de la taquicardia auriculoventricularcon reentrada nodal. Nurs Ed Esp 2006; 24 (1):29-32.

27. Hayes JJ, Stewart RB, Greene HL, Bardy GH. Narrow QRSventricular tachycardia. Ann Intern Med 1991; 114 (6): 460-3.

28. Blank R, Dieterle T, Osswald S, Sticherling C. Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome and atrial fibrillation in a patient witha coronary sinus diverticulum. Circulation 2007; 115 (20).https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.676866

29. Joglar JA, Chung MK, Armbruster AL, Benjamin EJ, et al.2023 ACC/AHA/ACCP/HRS Guideline for the Diagnosis andManagement of Atrial Fibrillation: A Report of the AmericanCollege of Cardiology/American Heart AssociationJoint Committee on Clinical Practice Guidelines. Circulation2023; CIR.0000000000001193.

30. Lau DH, Linz D, Sanders P. New findings in atrial fibrillationmechanisms. Card Electrophysiol Clin 2019; 11 (4): 563-71.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ccep.2019.08.007

31. Valeri Y, Bagliani G, Compagnucci P, Volpato G, Cipolletta L,et al. Pathophysiology of typical atrial flutter. Card ElectrophysiolClin 2022; 14 (3): 401-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ccep.2022.05.003

32. Henning A, Krawiec C. Sinus tachycardia. In: StatPearls.Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2023.

33. Hafeez Y, Armstrong TJ. Atrioventricular nodal reentrytachycardia. In: StatPearls. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearlsPublishing; 2023.

34. Hafeez Y, Grossman SA. Junctional rhythm. In: StatPearls.Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2023.

35. Hafeez Y, Grossman SA. Sinoatrial nodal reentrant tachycardia.In: StatPearls. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearlsPublishing; 2023.