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2022, Número 3

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Rev Cubana Med Trop 2022; 74 (3)


El distrés oxidativo y sus implicaciones moleculares en algunas enfermedades infecciosas: una revisión

Gil VL, Gravier HR, Acosta SMA, Pérez ALJ, Garrido G

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 78
Paginas:
Archivo PDF: 619.10 Kb.


RESUMEN

Introducción: Las especies reactivas de oxígeno, nitrógeno y azufre (ERONS) se generan continuamente en la fisiología de los organismos. Como parte de la respuesta de las células inmunitarias frente a los patógenos podrían aumentar y producir distrés oxidativo, citotoxicidad y daño de los órganos. El reconocimiento de las implicaciones moleculares de las ERONS todavía es un campo de investigación en desarrollo.
Objetivo: Describir los aspectos moleculares relacionados con el metabolismo oxidativo y algunos patógenos (virus, parásitos, bacterias y hongos) en relación con las infecciones.
Métodos: Se identificaron 520 documentos relacionados con los criterios de búsqueda en las bases de datos LILACS, Science Direct, SciELO, EMBASE, PubMed e Infomed, con los buscadores Google y Google académico. De estos, fueron analizados 78 documentos publicados a partir de 1980 al 2021 en español o inglés y organizados en 7 subtemas.
Información, análisis y síntesis: Los agentes infecciosos y el hospedero interactúan produciendo ERONS que pueden superar los sistemas de defensa antioxidantes e influyen en el distrés oxidativo. Los procesos biológicos asociados al estado redox se relacionan con los factores de transcripción Nrf2 y NF-κB. Ambos permiten una respuesta celular entre la susceptibilidad y la resistencia a los agentes infecciosos, por lo que pueden iniciar o acelerar procesos fisiopatológicos en el organismo. En general la respuesta redox en la fisiopatología infecciosa está interconectada con la reprogramación metabólica, las respuestas antimicrobianas e inflamatorias y la disfunción celular o de tejido.
Conclusiones: Los eventos moleculares redox pueden participar en diversas enfermedades infecciosas, mediando diferentes respuestas o trastornos asociados.


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