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2025, Número 1

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Rev Hematol Mex 2025; 26 (1)


Enfermedad de injerto contra huésped: enfoque en la piel

Guzmán MZ, Morales PA, Ordoñez AAG, Chávez ÁS, Colunga PPR

Idioma: Ingles.
Referencias bibliográficas: 49
Paginas: 1-14
Archivo PDF: 505.62 Kb.


RESUMEN

Antecedentes: La enfermedad de injerto contra huésped (EICH) es una complicación significativa del trasplante alogénico de células madre hematopoyéticas, cuyas manifestaciones cutáneas son las más prevalentes y tempranas. La forma aguda y crónica de la enfermedad implican riesgos sustanciales de morbilidad y mortalidad.
Objetivo: Proporcionar una descripción general completa de la fisiopatología, manifestación clínica, diagnóstico diferencial y enfoques terapéuticos de la enfermedad de injerto contra huésped, con insistencia en su repercusión en los resultados de los pacientes y la calidad de vida.
Metodología: Búsqueda bibliográfica en PubMed utilizando los términos graft versus host disease”, “acute cutaneous graft versus host disease”, “chronic cutaneous graft versus host disease”, “acute GVHD”, “chronic GVHD”, “diagnosis” y “treatment”. Los artículos se seleccionaron en función de los publicados más recientemente, la disponibilidad del texto, la frecuencia de citas y la relevancia.
Resultados: Mientras que la enfermedad de injerto contra huésped aguda suele manifestarse con una erupción característica, la forma crónica exhibe un espectro clínico diverso. El diagnóstico preciso puede ser desafiante y con frecuencia requiere confirmación histopatológica. El tratamiento requiere un enfoque multidisciplinario que incluya intervenciones farmacológicas, fototerapéuticas y nuevas inmunomoduladoras. Debido a la complejidad de la enfermedad, los planes de tratamiento personalizados, la vigilancia regular y la investigación en curso son decisivos para optimizar los resultados de los pacientes.
Conclusions: La enfermedad de injerto contra huésped cutánea sigue siendo una complicación común y desafiante del trasplante alogénico de médula ósea y de células hematopoyéticas.


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