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Federación Mexicana de Ginecología y Obstetricia, A.C.

2025, Número 7

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Ginecol Obstet Mex 2025; 93 (7)


Creencias relacionadas con la menstruación: un análisis basado en la evidencia científica

Jaramillo ADS, Jaramillo ASX, Mateo EF, Vega CB

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 83
Paginas: 264-276
Archivo PDF: 259.56 Kb.


RESUMEN

Objetivo: Explorar las creencias existentes relacionadas con la menstruación y evaluar su veracidad mediante un sustento científico para llevar a cabo acciones que promuevan la salud menstrual, el bienestar de las mujeres y garantizar sus derechos.
Metodología: Revisión bibliográfica fundamentada en la metodología RAMESES. Se efectuó una búsqueda en las bases de datos PubMed, Scopus y SciELO y las plataformas de WHO, UNICEF, WASH y WaterAID de artículos publicados en inglés y español del 2018 al 2022, con los MeSH: menstruation, myths, beliefs, hygiene, “sexual activity”, “physical activity”, nutrition, religion. Y en español: menstruación, mitos, creencias, higiene, “actividad sexual”, “actividad física”, nutrición y religión.
Resultados: Se encontraron 2465 artículos, de los que se seleccionaron 72 estudios que cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión. Las creencias identificadas entre los estudios se englobaron en cuatro categorías, y se agregó una para religión. Se identificaron 12 creencias relacionadas con la menstruación, de las que 4 correspondieron a la categoría de higiene, 4 a nutrición, 3 a actividad sexual y 1 a actividad física. Treintaiun estudios seleccionados se enfocaron en higiene, 19 en actividad física, 11 en nutrición, 6 en actividad sexual y 5 en religión. Las creencias en torno de la menstruación más frecuentes se relacionaron con el contacto con el agua, la compra de productos para la menstruación y la actividad física. La menstruación se asoció con impureza y contaminación, desde el punto de vista del judaísmo e hinduismo.
Conclusiones: Las creencias relacionadas con la menstruación identificadas son falsas, pues la evidencia científica recopilada las contradice. Denotan un marcado desconocimiento de la menstruación, consecuencia de acervos culturales, religiosos y la falta de educación sexual integral entre la población, lo que conduce a prácticas que ponen en riesgo el bienestar y salud de las mujeres.


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