2026, Número 1
<< Anterior Siguiente >>
Acta Ortop Mex 2026; 40 (1)
Características clinicopatológicas, factores pronósticos y resultados de supervivencia en tumores de células gigantes del hueso: un estudio retrospectivo en el Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, México
Reyna-Pérez K, González-Álvarez C, Tahuahua-Flores O, Rivero-Zambrano L, González-Prieto R, Clara-Altamirano M, Alamilla-García G, García-Ortega D
Idioma: Ingles.
Referencias bibliográficas: 41
Paginas: 21-27
Archivo PDF: 534.06 Kb.
RESUMEN
Introducción: el tumor de células gigantes del hueso (TCGH) es una neoplasia ósea de comportamiento localmente agresivo que afecta predominantemente a adultos jóvenes. Se localiza con mayor frecuencia en el fémur distal y la tibia proximal. El TCGB conlleva un riesgo significativo de recurrencia local y de metástasis pulmonares. La resección quirúrgica continúa siendo la piedra angular del tratamiento, a menudo complementada con adyuvantes locales. El denosumab ha emergido como una opción terapéutica; sin embargo, su impacto en las tasas de recurrencia sigue siendo controvertido. La evidencia sobre predictores tempranos de recurrencia continúa siendo limitada.
Material y métodos: este estudio de cohorte retrospectivo incluyó a 97 pacientes con diagnóstico de TCGH, tratados en el Instituto Nacional de Cancerología entre 2010 y 2023. Se incluyeron únicamente pacientes con un seguimiento mínimo de seis meses. Se recopilaron y analizaron datos clínicos, demográficos y relacionados con el tratamiento para identificar factores pronósticos de recurrencia local y metástasis a distancia. Se emplearon análisis de Kaplan-Meier para estimar la supervivencia libre de recurrencia y global, y se utilizaron pruebas log-rank para comparar subgrupos.
Resultados: la mediana de edad fue de 30 años y el tamaño tumoral medio de 8.8 cm. Las localizaciones más frecuentes fueron el fémur (28%) y la tibia (22%). Setenta y siete por ciento presentó enfermedad Campanacci grado III. La recurrencia total fue de 22%, siendo local en 15% y pulmonar en 8%. Se encontró mayor recurrencia en tumores de extremidades inferiores y en pacientes tratados inicialmente en otros centros. El uso de denosumab no se asoció con mayor ni menor recurrencia.
Conclusiones: el tratamiento en centros de alta especialización y la identificación temprana de características de alto riesgo son fundamentales para reducir la recurrencia en el TCGH. El denosumab sigue siendo un complemento terapéutico valioso en casos seleccionados, dentro de un enfoque multimodal.
REFERENCIAS (EN ESTE ARTÍCULO)
Sobti A, Agrawal P, Agarwala S, Agarwal M. Giant cell tumor of bone - an overview. Arch Bone Jt Surg. 2016; 4(1): 2-9.
Jha Y, Chaudhary K. Giant cell tumour of bone: a comprehensive review of pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment. Cureus. 2023; 15(10): e46945. Available in: https://www.cureus.com/articles/175240-giant-cell-tumour-of-bone-a-comprehensive-review-of-pathogenesis-diagnosis-and-treatment
Tsukamoto S, Mavrogenis AF, Tanzi P, Leone G, Akahane M, Tanaka Y, et al. Curettage as first surgery for bone giant cell tumor: adequate surgery is more important than oncology training or surgical management by high volume specialized teams. Eur J Orthop Surg Traumatol. 2020; 30(1): 3-9.
Khashan M, Haim A, Chechick O, Dekel S. Longstanding knee joint preserved functional outcome following medial femoral condyle resection. A case report. Knee. 2010; 17(4): 303-5.
Mahdal M, Tomás T, Apostolopoulos V, Adámková D, Múdry P, Staniczková ZI, et al. Proximal tibia tumour location and curettage are major risk factors of local recurrence in giant cell tumour of bone. Cancers (Basel). 2023; 15(18): 4664.
Cui L, Sun Y, Jin T, Fan D, Liu W. Giant cell tumor of bone at distal radius suffered more soft tissue recurrence and ultrasonography is effective to detect the soft tissue recurrence. Discov Oncol. 2024; 15(1): 103.
AbdelKawi NM, Abed Y, University M, El-negery AA, Mohamed KSZ. Risk factors for local recurrence of giant cell tumor of bone of the extremities: a retrospective study. Curr Orthop Pract. 2022; 34: 16-21.
Konishi E, Outani H, Mano M, Nagata S, Shirai T, Naka N, et al. Giant cell tumor of bone - Analysis of 213 cases involving extra-craniofacial bones. Pathol Int. 2021; 71(8): 500-11.
Tsukamoto S, Mavrogenis AF, Alvarado RA, Traversari M, Akahane M, Honoki K, et al. Association between inflammatory markers and local recurrence in patients with giant cell tumor of bone: a preliminary result. Curr Oncol. 2023; 30(1): 1116-31.
Tsukamoto S, Mavrogenis AF, Masunaga T, Honoki K, Fujii H, Kido A, et al. Current concepts in the treatment of giant cell tumor of bone: an update. Curr Oncol. 2024; 31(4): 2112-32.
Abbasi AN, Qamar J, Habib A, Ali SME, Ahmed S, Khan MW. Unraveling the mystery: A comprehensive review of multidisciplinary strategies for managing giant cell tumor of the bone. J Orthop Rep. 2025; 4(1): 100384.
Wang J, Liu X, Yang Y, Yang R, Tang X, Yan T, et al. Pulmonary metastasis of giant cell tumour: a retrospective study of three hundred and ten cases. Int Orthop. 2021; 45(3): 769-78.
Becker RG, Galia CR, Pestilho JFCS, Antunes BP, Baptista AM, Guedes A. Giant cell tumor of bone: a multicenter epidemiological study in Brazil. Acta Ortop Bras. 2024; 32(1): e273066.
Errani C, Ruggieri P, Asenzio MA, Toscano A, Colangeli S, Rimondi E, et al. Giant cell tumor of the extremity: a review of 349 cases from a single institution. Cancer Treat Rev. 2010; 36(1): 1-7.
Balke M, Henrichs MP, Gosheger G, Ahrens H, Streitbuerger A, Koehler M, et al. Giant cell tumors of the axial skeleton. Sarcoma. 2012; 2012: 410973.
Balke M, Schremper L, Gebert C, Ahrens H, Streitbuerger A, Koehler G, et al. Giant cell tumor of bone: treatment and outcome of 214 cases. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol. 2008; 134(9): 969-78.
Van der Heijden L, Lipplaa A, van Langevelde K, Bovée JVMG, van de Sande MAJ, Gelderblom H. Updated concepts in treatment of giant cell tumor of bone. Curr Opin Oncol. 2022; 34(4): 371-8.
Basu MA, Chawla SP. Giant cell tumor of bone: an update. Curr Oncol Rep. 2021; 23(5): 51.
Montgomery C, Couch C, Emory CL, Nicholas R. Giant cell tumor of bone: review of current literature, evaluation, and treatment options. J Knee Surg. 2019; 32(4): 331-6.
Gouin F, Dumaine V; French sarcoma and bone tumor study groups GSF-GETO. Local recurrence after curettage treatment of giant cell tumors in peripheral bones: retrospective study by the GSF-GETO (French sarcoma and bone tumor study groups). Orthop Traumatol Surg Res. 2013; 99(6 Suppl): S313-8.
Ebeid WA, Badr IT, Mesregah MK, Hasan BZ. Risk factors and oncological outcomes of pulmonary metastasis in patients with giant cell tumor of bone. J Clin Orthop Trauma. 2021; 20: 101499.
Muheremu A, Niu X. Pulmonary metastasis of giant cell tumor of bones. World J Surg Oncol. 2014; 12: 261.
Kamath N, Agarwal J, Gulia A. Axial giant cell tumor-current standard of practice. J Clin Orthop Trauma. 2019; 10(6): 1027-32. doi: 10.1016/j.jcot.2019.09.025. Epub 2019 Oct 9. Erratum in: J Clin Orthop Trauma. 2020; 11(6): 1169-71.
Leggett AR, Berg AR, Hullinger H, Benevenia JB. Diagnosis and treatment of lumbar giant cell tumor of the spine: update on current management strategies. Diagnostics (Basel). 2022; 12(4): 857.
Martin C, McCarthy EF. Giant cell tumor of the sacrum and spine: series of 23 cases and a review of the literature. Iowa Orthop J. 2010; 30: 69-75.
Sambri A, Medellin MR, Errani C, Campanacci L, Fujiwara T, Donati D, et al. Denosumab in giant cell tumour of bone in the pelvis and sacrum: Long-term therapy or bone resection? J Orthop Sci. 2020; 25(3): 513-9.
Puri A, Gupta SM, Gulia A, Shetty N, Laskar S. Giant cell tumors of the sacrum: is non-operative treatment effective? Eur Spine J. 2021; 30(10): 2881-6.
Gruen RL, Pitt V, Green S, Parkhill A, Campbell D, Jolley D. The effect of provider case volume on cancer mortality: systematic review and meta-analysis. CA Cancer J Clin. 2009; 59(3): 192-211.
Luft HS, Bunker JP, Enthoven AC. Should operations be regionalized? The empirical relation between surgical volume and mortality. N Engl J Med. 1979; 301(25): 1364-9.
Hillner BE, Smith TJ, Desch CE. Hospital and physician volume or specialization and outcomes in cancer treatment: importance in quality of cancer care. J Clin Oncol. 2000; 18(11): 2327-40.
Branstetter DG, Nelson SD, Manivel JC, Blay JY, Chawla S, Thomas DM, et al. Denosumab induces tumor reduction and bone formation in patients with giant-cell tumor of bone. Clin Cancer Res. 2012; 18(16): 4415-24.
Chawla S, Blay JY, Rutkowski P, Le Cesne A, Reichardt P, Gelderblom H, et al. Denosumab in patients with giant-cell tumour of bone: a multicentre, open-label, phase 2 study. Lancet Oncol. 2019; 20(12): 1719-29.
Li H, Gao J, Gao Y, Lin N, Zheng M, Ye Z. Denosumab in giant cell tumor of bone: current status and pitfalls. Front Oncol. 2020; 10: 580605.
Palmerini E, Chawla NS, Ferrari S, Sudan M, Picci P, Marchesi E, et al. Denosumab in advanced/unresectable giant-cell tumour of bone (GCTB): For how long? Eur J Cancer. 2017; 76: 118-24.
Palmerini E, Staals EL, Jones LB, Donati DM, Longhi A, Randall RL. Role of (Neo)adjuvant denosumab for giant cell tumor of bone. Curr Treat Options Oncol. 2020; 21(8): 68.
Traub F, Singh J, Dickson BC, Leung S, Mohankumar R, Blackstein ME, et al. Efficacy of denosumab in joint preservation for patients with giant cell tumour of the bone. Eur J Cancer. 2016; 59: 1-12.
Ueda T, Morioka H, Nishida Y, Kakunaga S, Tsuchiya H, Matsumoto Y, et al. Objective tumor response to denosumab in patients with giant cell tumor of bone: a multicenter phase II trial. Ann Oncol. 2015; 26(10): 2149-54.
Van der Heijden L, Dijkstra PDS, Blay JY, Gelderblom H. Giant cell tumour of bone in the denosumab era. Eur J Cancer. 2017; 77: 75-83.
Agarwal MG, Gundavda MK, Gupta R, Reddy R. Does denosumab change the giant cell tumor treatment strategy? Lessons learned from early experience. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2018; 476(9): 1773-82.
Trovarelli G, Rizzo A, Cerchiaro M, Pala E, Angelini A, Ruggieri P. The evaluation and management of lung metastases in patients with giant cell tumors of bone in the denosumab era. Curr Oncol. 2024; 31(4): 2158-71.
Ambroggi M, Biasini C, Del Giovane C, Fornari F, Cavanna L. Distance as a barrier to cancer diagnosis and treatment: review of the literature. Oncologist. 2015; 20(12): 1378-85.