Suárez QA, Álvarez AA, Quesada VAJ, Pupo JJM

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 30
Paginas: 935-945
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RESUMEN

Fundamento la neumonía asociada al ictus está relacionada con un incremento de la mortalidad, disminución de la recuperación funcional y prolongación de la estadía hospitalaria, con el consiguiente impacto económico en los servicios de salud.
Objetivo identificar los factores de riesgo para el desarrollo de la neumonía asociada al ictus isquémico.
Métodos estudio observacional analítico, de cohorte prospectiva, con 725 pacientes con diagnóstico de ictus isquémico, atendidos en el hospital Carlos Manuel de Céspedes (Bayamo, provincia de Granma), desde enero de 2015 hasta el julio de 2019. La asociación de las variables sociodemográficas, antecedentes patológicos personales, hábitos tóxicos, condiciones propias del ictus, la disfagia, los marcadores bioquímicos y de inmunonutrición con el desarrollo de la neumonía asociada al ictus isquémico se determinó con el uso de la regresión logística binaria.
Resultados del total de pacientes estudiados el 21,5 % desarrolló neumonía asociada al ictus. Los principales factores de riesgo fueron la disfagia (OR= 13,9), la EPOC (OR= 13,9) y una puntuación en la escala de NIHSS ≥ 12 puntos (OR= 8,31). El germen que se aisló con mayor frecuencia fue el Enterobacter aerogenes (26,3 %). Con relación a los criterios clínicos cumplidos, el 89,1 % presentó alteración leucocitaria.
Conclusión el modelo de regresión logística permitió identificar los factores relacionados con el desarrollo de la neumonía asociada al ictus isquémico basado en datos disponibles de modo habitual en la práctica asistencial.

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