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2022, Número 4

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Rev Cubana Hematol Inmunol Hemoter 2022; 38 (4)


Anemia hemolítica autoinmune: mecanismos de inducción de autoinmunidad e inmunobiología

Soler NG

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 50
Paginas: 1-18
Archivo PDF: 521.21 Kb.


RESUMEN

Introducción: La patogénesis de la anemia hemolítica autoinmune es un proceso complejo en el que muchos elementos tienen una función esencial que repercuten en la gran heterogeneidad clínica de la enfermedad, pero los mecanismos involucrados en su inducción se desconocen en gran medida.
Objetivo: Explicar los principales mecanismos propuestos en el inicio y aparición de la anemia hemolítica autoinmune y su contribución a la fisiopatología de la enfermedad.
Métodos: Se realizó una revisión de la literatura en los idiomas inglés y español, de artículos publicados en los últimos 10 años sobre mecanismos propuestos en el inicio de la anemia hemolítica autoinmune.
Análisis y síntesis de la información: Los mecanismos propuestos en la inducción de la autoinmunidad contra los eritrocitos incluyen el mimetismo molecular entre antígenos endógenos y antígenos exógenos, el procesamiento desregulado de autoantígenos influenciado por factores adquiridos y la disfunción de los linfocitos B y T.
Conclusiones: Los mecanismos propuestos en la aparición de la anemia hemolítica autoinmune brindan información valiosa para mejorar la comprensión de los mecanismos moleculares involucrados y subrayan la complejidad de los fenómenos involucrados en la perdida de la tolerancia hacia los eritrocitos autólogos y el delicado equilibrio entre factores genéticos y ambientales.X


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