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2026, Número 2

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Rev Fac Med UNAM 2026; 69 (2)


Diagnóstico y tratamiento de cefaleas para el médico no neurólogo

Domínguez-Moreno R, Galnares-Olalde JA, Leyva-Rendón A

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 45
Paginas: 54-63
Archivo PDF: 223.21 Kb.


RESUMEN

La cefalea es uno de los síntomas neurológicos más frecuentes, con una prevalencia de por vida del 96%. Aunque muchas veces es benigna y autolimitada, puede representar una urgencia médica si es la manifestación de una patología secundaria. Las cefaleas se clasifican en primarias, sin una causa estructural identificable (como la migraña o la cefalea tipo tensional), y secundarias, asociadas a enfermedades subyacentes potencialmente graves (como neuroinfecciones o hemorragia subaracnoidea).
Este artículo ofrece una revisión concisa y actualizada sobre las cefaleas más relevantes en el ámbito de urgencias y consulta externa, con énfasis en criterios diagnósticos, abordaje clínico inicial y opciones terapéuticas basadas en la evidencia reciente. No se abordan tratamientos invasivos ni estrategias no farmacológicas debido a limitaciones de espacio. Su objetivo es proporcionar herramientas prácticas para el médico no neurólogo que enfrenta con frecuencia este síntoma en distintos escenarios clínicos.


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