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2026, Número 3

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Acta Ortop Mex 2026; 40 (3)


Manejo del menisco discoide lateral en niños y adolescentes: una revisión de los avances recientes

Masquijo J, Pedraza-Corbi A

Idioma: Ingles.
Referencias bibliográficas: 57
Paginas: 201-208
Archivo PDF: 1488.51 Kb.


RESUMEN

El menisco discoide lateral (MDL) es una anomalía estructural que se caracteriza por un aumento de volumen y alteración de las fibras de colágeno, afectando principalmente al menisco lateral. Aunque su incidencia varía, el MDL se presenta con frecuencia en la población pediátrica y puede presentarse con síntomas agudos o crónicos de rodilla, como dolor en la línea articular, síntomas mecánicos e incapacidad para lograr la extensión terminal. El diagnóstico se confirma generalmente mediante resonancia magnética y evaluación clínica. Los estudios histológicos han revelado desorganización y disminución de la densidad de colágeno en el MDL, lo que predispone a desgarros e inestabilidad. Existen diversos sistemas de clasificación, con avances recientes centrados en la anchura, la altura, la estabilidad y los desgarros del menisco, para orientar las decisiones terapéuticas. El tratamiento conservador es adecuado para casos asintomáticos, mientras que los pacientes sintomáticos pueden beneficiarse de la saucerización para restaurar la función meniscal. La intervención quirúrgica, que incluye saucerización y reparación, está indicada en casos de inestabilidad periférica o desgarros. Además, abordar las desviaciones del eje mecánico en pacientes con esqueleto inmaduro es crucial para optimizar los resultados. Esta revisión proporciona información sobre la patogénesis, la clasificación y las estrategias de tratamiento de la MDL en niños y adolescentes.


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