medigraphic.com

2005, Número 2

<< Anterior Siguiente >>

Rev Fac Med UNAM 2005; 48 (2)


El paciente con hipertransaminasemia

Álvarez-Martínez H, Pérez-Campos E

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 74
Paginas: 58-65
Archivo PDF: 59.10 Kb.


FRAGMENTO

Introducción

En los años recientes, gracias a la utilización de métodos automatizados para realizar estudios de laboratorio, hemos observado cada vez con mayor frecuencia a personas que cursan con hipertransaminasemia y que carecen de síntomas y/o signos de enfermedad hepática, por lo que plantean al clínico un problema especial en el diagnóstico.
Los grupos amino de los α-aminoácidos que constituyen las proteínas se eliminan durante la degradación oxidativa. Pueden ser utilizados para la síntesis de nuevos aminoácidos u otros productos nitrogenados, o pueden ser excretados; el ser humano, como la mayoría de vertebrados terrestres convierten el amoníaco en urea (ureotélicos) y es eliminada a través de los riñones.


REFERENCIAS (EN ESTE ARTÍCULO)

  1. Stryer L. Degradación de aminoácidos y ciclo de la urea. En: Bioquímica. 4ª ed. Barcelona, España: Editorial Reverté S.A; 1995: 630-52.

  2. Lehninger AL, Nelson DL, Cox MM. Oxidación de aminoácidos y producción de urea. En: Lehninger AL, Nelson DL, Cox MM. Principios de Bioquímica. 2ª ed. Barcelona España: Ediciones Omega S.A; 1993: 506-41.

  3. Doñate F, Yañez AJ, Iriarte A, Martinez-Carrion M. Interaction of the precursor to mitochondrial aspartate aminotransferase and its presequence peptide with model membranes. J Biol Chem 2000; 275: 34147-56.

  4. Siest G, Schiele F, Galteau MM et al. Aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase activities in plasma: statistical distributions, individual variations, and reference values. Clin Chem 1975; 21: 1077-87.

  5. Piton A, Poynard T, Imbert-Bismut F, et al. Factors associated with serum alanine transaminase activity in healthy subjects; consequences for the definition of normal values, for selection of blood donors, and for patients with chronic hepatitis C. Hepatology 1998; 27: 1213-19.

  6. Burns CJ, Boswell JM, Olsen GW. Liver enzyme activity and body mass index. J Occup Environ Med 1996; 38: 1248-52.

  7. Reichling JJ, Kaplan MM. Clinical use of serum enzymes in liver disease. Dig Dis Sci 1988; 33: 1601-14.

  8. Gitlin N. The serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase/serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase ratio as a prognostic index in severe acute viral hepatitis. Am J Gastroenterol 1982; 77: 2-4.

  9. Kundrotas LW, Clement DJ. Serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) elevation in asymptomatic US Air Force basic trainee blood donors. Dig Dis Sci 1993; 38: 2145-50.

  10. Daniel S, Ben-Menachem T, Vasudevan G, Ma CK, Blumenkehl M. Prospective evaluation of unexplained chronic liver transaminase abnormalities in asymptomatic and symptomatic patients. Am J Gastroenterol 1999; 94: 3010-14.

  11. Mathiesen UL, Franzen LE, Fryden A, Foberg U, Bodeman G. The clinical significance of slightly to moderately increased liver transaminase values in asymptomatic patients. Scand J Gastroenterol 1999; 34: 85-91.

  12. American Gastroenterological Association Clinical Practice Committee. AGA technical review on the evaluation of liver chemistry tests. Gastroenterology 2002; 123: 1367-84.

  13. Ravel. Clinical Laboratory Medicine, 6th ed. Mosby-Year Book, Inc. 1995.

  14. Johnson RD, O´Connor ML, Kerr RM. Extreme serum elevations of aspartate aminotransferase. Am J Gastroenterol 1995; 90: 1244-5.

  15. Whitehead MW, Hawkes ND, Hainsworth I, Kingham JG. A prospective study of the causes of notably raised aspartate aminotransferase of liver origin. Gut 1999; 45: 129-33.

  16. Johnston DE. Special considerations in interpreting liver function test. Am Fam Physician 1999; 59: 2223-30.

  17. Kamath PS. Clinical approach to the patient with abnormal liver test results. Mayo Clin Proc 1996; 71: 1089-95.

  18. Pratt DS, Kaplan MM. Evaluation of abnormal liver-enzyme results in asymptomatic patients. N Engl J Med 2000; 342: 1266-71.

  19. American Gastroenterological Association. American Gastroenterological Association medical position statement: evaluation of liver chemistry tests. Gastroenterology 2002; 123: 1364-66.

  20. Maddrey WC. Alcohol-induced liver disease. Clin Liver Dis 2000; 4: 115-31.

  21. Diehl AM, Potter J, Boitnott J, Van Duyn MA, Herlong HF, Mezey E. Relationship between pyridoxal 5’-phosphate deficiency and aminotransferase levels in alcoholic hepatitis. Gastroenterology 1984; 86: 632-36.

  22. Nalpas B, Vassault A, Le Guillou A et al. Serum activity of mitochondrial aspartate aminotransferase: a sensitive marker of alcoholism with or without alcoholic hepatitis. Hepatology 1984; 4: 893-96.

  23. Sharpe PC. Biochemical detection and monitoring of alcohol abuse and abstinence. Ann Clin Biochem 2001; 38: 652-64.

  24. Chrostek L, Szmitkowski M. CDT (desialylated transferrin)—a new biochemical marker of alcohol abuse. Psychiatr Pol 1999; 33: 189-201.

  25. Wehr H, Czartoryska B, Milewski B. Activity of beta-hexosaminidase in serum of patients with alcoholic and nonalcoholic liver diseases. Wiad Lek 1995; 48: 91-95.

  26. Kitada T, Seki S, Ikeda K et al. Clinicopathological characterization of prion: a novel marker of activated human hepatic stellate cells. J Hepatol 2000; 33: 751-57.

  27. Sopena B, Martinez-Vazquez C, Fernandez-Rodriguez CM et al. Serum angiotensin converting enzyme and C4 protein of complement as a combined diagnostic index in alcoholic liver disease. Liver 1996; 16: 303-8.

  28. Zimmerman HJ. Drug-induced liver disease. Clin Liver Dis 2000; 4: 73-96.

  29. Méndez-Sánchez N, Baptista-González H, Sánchez-Gómez RH, Bordes-Aznar J, Uribe-Esquivel M. Prevalencia de hepatitis B y C en donadores de sangre en un hospital de tercer nivel de la ciudad de México. Salud Publica Mex 1999; 41: 475-78.

  30. Vásquez-Martínez JL, Coreño-Juárez MO, Montaño-Estrada LF, Attlan M, Gómez-Dantés H. Seroprevalence of hepatitis B in pregnant women in Mexico. Salud Publica Mex 2003; 45: 165-70.

  31. de Franchis R, Meucci G, Vecchi M et al. The natural history of asymptomatic hepatitis B surface antigen carriers. Ann Intern Med 1993; 118: 191-94.

  32. Dienstag JL, Isselbacher KJ. Chronic hepatitis. In: Braunwald E, Fauci AS, Kasper DL, Hauser SL, Longo DL, Jameson JL, eds. Harrison’s Principles of Internal Medicine 15th edition. New York. Mc Graw-Hill; 2001: 1742-52.

  33. Simmonds P, Alberti A, Alter HJ et al. A proposed system for the nomenclature of hepatitis C viral genotypes. Hepatology 1994; 19: 1321-24.

  34. Shad JA, McHutchison JG. Clin Liver Dis 2001; 5: 335-59.

  35. Alter MJ. Epidemiology of hepatitis C in the West. Semin Liver Dis 1995; 15: 5-14.

  36. McGuiness PH, Bishop GA, Lien A et al. Detection of serum hepatitis C virus RNA in HCV antibody-seropositive volunteer blood donors. Hepatology 1993; 18: 485-490.

  37. Esteban JI, Lopez-Talavera JI, Genesca J et al. High rate of infectivity and liver disease in blood donors with antibodies to hepatitis C virus. Ann Intern Med 1991; 115: 443-49.

  38. Prieto M, Olaso V, Verdu C et al. Does the healthy hepatitis C virus carrier state really exist? An analysis using polymerase chain reaction. Hepatology 1995; 22: 413-17.

  39. Shakil AO, Conry-Cantilena C, Alter HJ et al. Volunteer blood donors with antibodies to hepatitis C virus: clinical, biochemical, virologic, and histologic features. Ann Intern Med 1995; 123: 330-37.

  40. Marcellin P, Martinot M, Boyer N, Levy S. Treatment of hepatitis C patients with normal aminotransferases levels. Clin Liver Dis 1999; 3: 843-53.

  41. Stout RL. Hepatitis C prevalence in the insurance population. J Insur Med 1997; 29: 187-91.

  42. Herold C, Heinz R, Radespiel-Troger M, Schneider HT, Schuppan D, Hahn EG. Quantitative testing of liver function in patients with cirrhosis due to chronic hepatitis C to assess disease severity. Liver 2001; 21: 26-30.

  43. Giannini E, Fasoli A, Chiarbonello B et al. 13C-aminopyrine breath test to evaluate severity of disease in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus infection. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2002; 16: 717-25.

  44. Brunt EM. Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis: definition and pathology. Semin Liver Dis 2001; 21: 3-16.

  45. Álvarez-Martínez H, Perez-Campos E. Esteatohepatitis no alcohólica. Rev Gastroenterol Mex 2002; 67: 118-25.

  46. Sheth SG, Gordon FD, Chopra S. Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Ann Intern Med 1997; 126: 137-45.

  47. Bacon BR, Farahvash MJ, Janney CG, Neuschwander-Tetri. Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis: an expanded clinical entity. Gastroenterology 1994; 107: 1103-9.

  48. Agarwal SR, Malhotra V, Sakhuja P, Sarin SK. Clinical, biochemical and histological profile of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Indian J Gastroenterol 2001; 20: 183-86.

  49. Neuschwander-Tetri BA, Bacon BR. Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Med Clin North Am 1996; 80: 1147-66.

  50. Diehl AM. Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Semin Liver Dis 1999; 19: 221-29.

  51. Kumar KS, Malet PF. Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Mayo Clin Proc 2000; 75: 733-39.

  52. Falck-Ytter Y, Younossi ZM, Marchesini G, McCullough AJ. Clinical features and natural history of nonalcoholic steatosis syndromes. Semin Liver Dis 2001; 21: 17-26.

  53. Bernal-Reyes R, Sáenz-Labra A, Bernardo-Escudero R. Prevalencia de la esteatohepatitis no alcohólica (EHNA). Estudio comparativo con diabéticos. Rev Gastroenterol Mex 2000; 65: 58-62.

  54. James O, Day C. Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis: another disease of affluence. Lancet 1999; 353: 1634-36.

  55. Reid AE. Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Gastroenterology 2001; 121: 710-23.

  56. Byrne T, Douglas DD, Harrison ME, Nelson L. Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH): is a liver biopsy necessary for diagnosis? Hepatology 1997; 26: 388A.

  57. Palmer M, Schaffner F. Effect of weight reduction on hepatic abnormalities in overweight patients. Gastroenterology 1990; 99: 1408-13.

  58. Eriksson S, Eriksson KF, Bondesson F. Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis in obesity: A reversible condition. Acta Med Scand 1986; 220: 83-8.

  59. Lavine JE. Vitamin E treatment of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis in children: A pilot study. J Pediatr 2000; 136: 734-38.

  60. Gulbahar O, Karasu ZA, Ersoz G, Akarca US, Musoglu A. Treatment of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis with N-acetylcisteine. Gastroenterology 2000; 118: A1444.

  61. Abdelmalek M, Angulo P, Jorgensen RA, Silvestre PB, Lindor KD. Betaine, a promising new agent for patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis: results of a pilot study. Am J Gastroenterol 2001; 96: 2711-17.

  62. Laurin J, Lindor KD, Crippin JS et al. Ursodeoxycholic acid or clofibrate in the treatment of nonalcohol-induced steatohepatitis: a pilot study. Hepatology 1996; 23: 1464-67.

  63. Guma G, Viola L, Thome M, Galdame O, Alvarez E. Ursodeoxycholic acid in the treatment of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis: results of a prospective clinical controlled trial. Hepatology 1997; 26: 387A.

  64. Ceriani R, Brunati S, Morini L, Sacchi E, Colombo G. Effect of ursodeoxycholic acid plus diet in patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Hepatology 1998; 28: 386A.

  65. Marchesini G, Brizi M, Bianchi G, Tomassetti S, Zoli M, Melchionda N. Metformin in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. Lancet 2001; 358: 893-94.

  66. Powell LW, Yapp TR. Hemochromatosis. Clinics in liver disease 2000; 4: 211-28.

  67. Powell LW, Isselbacher KJ. Hemochromatosis. In: Braunwald E, Fauci AS, Kasper DL, Hauser SL, Longo DL, Jameson JL. eds. Harrison’s Principles of Internal Medicine 15th edition. New York. Mc Graw Hill; 2001: 2257-61.

  68. Ryder SD, Beckingham IJ. ABC of diseases of liver, pancreas, and biliary system. Other causes of parenchymal liver disease. bmj 2001; 322: 290-92.

  69. Rocken C, Carl-McGrath S. Pathology and pathogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma. Dig Dis 2001; 19: 269-78.

  70. Imamura T, Matsubara K. Molecular aspects of human hepatocellular carcinoma. Gan To Kagaku Ryoho 1989; 16: 18-24.

  71. El-Serag HB. Hepatocellular carcinoma and hepatitis C in the United States. Hepatology 2002; 36(5 Suppl): S74-83.

  72. Das A, Post AB. Should liver biopsy be done in asymptomatic patients with chronically elevated transaminases: a cost utility analysis. Gastroenterology 1998; 114: A9.

  73. Sorbi D, McGill DB, Thistle JL, Henry JJ, Therneau TM, Lindor KD. An assessment of the role of liver biopsies in asymptomatic patients with chronic liver test abnormalities. Hepatology 1999; 30Suppl: 477A.

  74. Sorbi D, McGill DB, Thistle JL, Therneau TM, Henry J, Lindor KD. An assessment of the role of liver biopsies in asymptomatic patients with chronic liver test abnormalities. Am J Gastroenterol 2000; 95: 3206-10.




2020     |     www.medigraphic.com