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2000, Número 3

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Salud Mental 2000; 23 (3)


Neurobiology of addiction neuroanatomical, neurochemical, molecular and genetic aspects of morphine and cocaine addiction PART I

Leff P, Medina-Mora ME, Calva JC, Valdés A, Acevedo R, Morales A, Medécigo M, Antón B

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 45
Paginas: 46-51
Archivo PDF: 119.98 Kb.


RESUMEN

La adicción representa un importante problema de salud a nivel clínico y social en múltiples países. Desde el punto de vista médico, la adicción es un complejo fenómeno neurobiológico que afecta diversos procesos funcionales y moleculares en diferentes áreas específicas del cerebro de los mamíferos, incluyendo al humano. Diversos modelos animales sujetos a esquemas de autoadministración farmacológica han sido estudiados con el objeto de investigar las propiedades adictivas de múltiples sustancias psicotrópicas, como es el caso de la morfina, la heroína y la cocaína. Estos estudios han concluido que los efectos psicoadictivos de estas sustancias se deben principalmente a la alteración de la actividad neuronal del sistema de transmisión dopaminérgico mesocorticolímbico. Este sistema neuronal sufre cambios funcionales a nivel electrofisiológico, neuroquímico y genómico, que participan en forma concertada en el desarrollo y establecimiento a largo plazo, en el reforzamiento y en la recompensa al consumo de las sustancias adictivas antes mencionadas. Este trabajo describe el cuerpo de conocimientos actuales relacionados con los cambios funcionales que se desarrollan y establecen durante el fenómeno adictivo a la morfina, la heroína y la cocaína.


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