2010, Número 1
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Gac Med Mex 2010; 146 (1)
Estudio epidemiológico de casos y autocontroles: una aproximación conceptual y metodológica
Martín-Rodríguez J, Albavera-Hernández C, Salazar-Martínez E
Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 49
Paginas: 37-43
Archivo PDF: 92.15 Kb.
RESUMEN
Los estudios de casos y autocontroles se clasifican como una variante de los estudios de casos y controles. Se han mencionado en la literatura científica desde hace aproximadamente 18 años, y son empleados en investigaciones epidemiológicas con exposiciones agudas o transitorias que pueden generar un evento en salud (infarto agudo del miocardio, asma, lesiones, enfermedades infectocontagiosas, entre otras). Para su manejo se requiere definir conceptos tales como disparadores, tiempo de inducción, periodo de caso, periodo de control. Su uso es limitado en la evaluación de exposiciones crónicas o no intermitentes. Por otro lado, este diseño reduce sesgos de selección, de información, de confusión y el sobrepareamiento. Una de sus ventajas es que requieren menor tamaño de muestra que un estudio clásico de casos y controles, donde los periodos de control se pueden obtener del mismo sujeto, sin la necesidad de entrevistar a otro tipo de controles. No obstante, para el cálculo del tamaño de la muestra se debe tener en cuenta el enfoque de diseños pareados. Éste es un diseño donde los principios teóricos de homogeneidad, simultaneidad y representatividad se cumplen de manera singular.
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