medigraphic.com

2011, Número 5

<< Anterior Siguiente >>

Rev Fac Med UNAM 2011; 54 (5)


Fragilidad y sarcopenia

Carrillo Er, Muciño BJ, Peña PC, Carrillo CUG

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 57
Paginas: 12-21
Archivo PDF: 151.17 Kb.


RESUMEN

La fragilidad es un síndrome geriátrico caracterizado por pérdida de peso, cansancio, debilidad, marcha lenta y disminución de la actividad física. Es más común en mujeres, obesos y diabéticos. Es secundaria a disregulación endócrina y a un estado proinflamatorio y protrombótico. La sarcopenia, pérdida de la masa muscular, es característica de la fragilidad. El tratamiento está encaminado a incrementar la masa y fuerza muscular mediante un mejor aporte calórico-protéico y un programa de ejercicios. El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo revisar conceptos actuales relacionados a la definición, epidemiología, fisiopatología y tratamiento del síndrome de fragilidad y la sarcopenia, así como su impacto en la población geriátrica.


REFERENCIAS (EN ESTE ARTÍCULO)

  1. Old and frail. Br Med J. 1968;1:723-4.

  2. Searle SD, Mitnitski A, Gahbauer EA, Gill TM, Rockwood K. A standard procedure for creating a frailty index. BMC Geriatr. 2008;8:24.

  3. Woodhouse KW, Wynne H, Baillie S, James OF, Rawlins MD. Who are the frail elderly? Q J Med. 1988;68:505-6.

  4. Fried LP, Tangen CM, Walston J, Newman AB, Hirsch C, Gottdiener J, et al. Frailty in older adults: evidence for a phenotype. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2001;56:M146-56.

  5. Tell GS, Fried LP, Hermanson B, Manolio TA, Newman AB, Borhani NO. Recruitment of adults 65 years and older as participants in the Cardiovascular Health Study. Ann Epidemiol. 1993;3:358-66.

  6. Newman AB, Gottdiener JS, Mcburnie MA, Hirsch CH, Kop WJ, Tracy R, et al. Associations of subclinical cardiovascular disease with frailty. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2001;56:M158-66.

  7. Rockwood K, Mitnitski A. Frailty in relation to the accumulation of deficits. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2007;62:722-7.

  8. Mitnitski AB, Mogilner AJ, Rockwood K. Accumulation of deficits as a proxy measure of aging. ScientificWorldJournal. 2001;1:323-36.

  9. Romero-Ortuno R, Walsh CD, Lawlor BA, Kenny RA. A frailty instrument for primary care: findings from the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE). BMC Geriatr. 2010;10:57.

  10. Shlipak MG, Stehman-Breen C, Fried LF, Song X, Siscovick D, Fried LP, et al. The presence of frailty in elderly persons with chronic renal insufficiency. Am J Kidney Dis. 2004;43:861-7.

  11. Semba RD, Blaum CS, Bartali B, Xue QL, Ricks MO, Guralnik JM, et al. Denture use, malnutrition, frailty, and mortality among older women living in the community. J Nutr Health Aging. 2006;10:161-7.

  12. Blaum CS, Xue QL, Michelon E, Semba RD, Fried LP. The association between obesity and the frailty syndrome in older women: the Women’s Health and Aging Studies. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2005;53:927-34.

  13. Hirsch C, Anderson ML, Newman A, Kop W, Jackson S, Gottdiener J, et al. The association of race with frailty: the cardiovascular health study. Ann Epidemiol. 2006;16:545-53.

  14. Fried TR, Mor V. Frailty and hospitalization of longterm stay nursing home residents. J Am Geriatr Soc. 1997;45:265-9.

  15. Desquilbet L, Jacobson LP, Fried LP, Phair JP, Jamieson BD, Holloway M, et al. HIV-1 infection is associated with an earlier occurrence of a phenotype related to frailty. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2007;62:1279-86.

  16. Karunananthan S, Wolfson C, Bergman H, Beland F, Hogan DB. A multidisciplinary systematic literature review on frailty: overview of the methodology used by the Canadian Initiative on Frailty and Aging. BMC Med Res Methodol.2009;9:68.

  17. Garcia-Gonzalez JJ, Garcia-Pena C, Franco-Marina F, Gutierrez-Robledo LM. A frailty index to predict the mortality risk in a population of senior Mexican adults. BMC Geriatr. 2009;9:47.

  18. Rockwood K, Abeysundera MJ, Mitnitski A. How should we grade frailty in nursing home patients? J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2007;8:595-603.

  19. Saxton A, Velanovich V. Preoperative frailty and quality of life as predictors of postoperative complications. Ann Surg 2011;253:1223-9.

  20. Hubbard RE, Searle SD, Mitnitski A, Rockwood K. Effect of smoking on the accumulation of deficits, frailty and survival in older adults: a secondary analysis from the Canadian Study of Health and Aging. J Nutr Health Aging. 2009;13:468-72.

  21. Andrew MK, Mitnitski AB, Rockwood K. Social vulnerability, frailty and mortality in elderly people. PLoS One. 2008;3:e2232.

  22. Rockwood K, Song X, Mitnitski A. Changes in relative fitness and frailty across the adult lifespan: evidence from the Canadian National Population Health Survey. Cmaj. 2011;183:E487-94.

  23. Rockwood K. Frailty and its definition: a worthy challenge. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2005;53:1069-70.

  24. Rockwood K. What would make a definition of frailty successful? Age Ageing. 2005;34:432-4.

  25. Rockwood K, Howlett SE, MacKnight C, Beattie BL, Bergman H, Hébert R, et al. Prevalence, attributes, and outcomes of fitness and frailty in community-dwelling older adults: report from the Canadian study of health and aging. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2004;59:1310-7.

  26. Syddall H, Roberts HC, Evandrou M, Cooper C, Bergman H, Aihie Sayer A. Prevalence and correlates of frailty among community-dwelling older men and women: findings from the Hertfordshire Cohort Study. Age Ageing. 2010;39:197-203.

  27. Chang CI, Chan DC, Kuo KN, Hsiung CA, Chen CY. Prevalence and correlates of geriatric frailty in a northern taiwan community. J Formos Med Assoc. 2011;110:247-57.

  28. Masel MC, Ostir GV, Ottenbacher KJ. Frailty, mortality, and health-related quality of life in older Mexican Americans. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2010;58:2149-53.

  29. Li Y, Wileyto EP, Heitjan DF. Prediction of Individual Long-term Outcomes in Smoking Cessation Trials Using Frailty Models. Biometrics. 2011.

  30. Navarrete-Reyes AP, Avila-Funes JA. [Diabetes mellitus and the syndrome of frailty in the elderly]. Rev Invest Clin. 2010;62:327-32.

  31. Hubbard RE, Andrew MK, Fallah N, Rockwood K. Comparison of the prognostic importance of diagnosed diabetes, co-morbidity and frailty in older people. Diabet Med. 2010;27:603-6.

  32. Terzian AS, Holman S, Nathwani N, Robison E, Weber K, Young M, et al. Factors associated with preclinical disability and frailty among HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected women in the era of cART. J Womens Health (Larchmt). 2009;18:1965-74.

  33. Heppner HJ, Bauer JM, Sieber CC, Bertsch T. Laboratory aspects relating to the detection and prevention of frailty. Int J Prev Med. 2010;1:149-57.

  34. Puts MT, Visser M, Twisk JW, Deeg DJ, Lips P. Endocrine and inflammatory markers as predictors of frailty. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf ). 2005;63:403-11.

  35. Walston J, McBurnie MA, Newman A, Tracy RP, Kop WJ, Hirsch CH, et al. Frailty and activation of the inflammation and coagulation systems with and without clinical comorbidities: results from the Cardiovascular Health Study. Arch Intern Med. 2002;162:2333-41.

  36. Mohr BA, Bhasin S, Kupelian V, Araujo AB, O’Donnell AB, McKinlay JB. Testosterone, sex hormone-binding globulin, and frailty in older men. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2007;55:548-55.

  37. Leng SX, Cappola AR, Andersen RE, Blackman MR, Koenig K, Blair M, et al. Serum levels of insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S), and their relationships with serum interleukin-6, in the geriatric syndrome of frailty. Aging Clin Exp Res. 2004;16:153-7.

  38. Boxer RS, Kleppinger A, Brindisi J, Feinn R, Burleson JA, Kenny AM. Effects of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) on cardiovascular risk factors in older women with frailty characteristics. Age Ageing. 2010;39:451-8.

  39. Lanfranco F, Gianotti L, Giordano R, Pellegrino M, Maccario M, Arvat E. Ageing, growth hormone and physical performance. J Endocrinol Invest 2003;26:861-72.

  40. Cappola AR, Xue QL, Ferrucci L, Guralnik JM, Volpato S, Fried LP. Insulin-like growth factor I and interleukin-6 contribute synergistically to disability and mortality in older women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab .2003;88:2019-25.

  41. Varadhan R, Walston J, Cappola AR, Carlson MC, Wand GS, Fried LP. Higher levels and blunted diurnal variation of cortisol in frail older women. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2008;63:190-5.

  42. Carvalhaes-Neto N, Huayllas MK, Ramos LR, Cendoroglo MS, Kater CE. Cortisol, DHEAS and aging: resistance to cortisol suppression in frail institutionalized elderly. J Endocrinol Invest. 2003;26:17-22.

  43. Montero-Odasso M, Duque G. Vitamin D in the aging musculoskeletal system: an authentic strength preserving hormone. Mol Aspects Med. 2005;26:203-19.

  44. Sambrook PN, Cameron ID, Cumming RG, Lord SR, Schwarz JM, Trube A, et al. Vitamin D deficiency is common in frail institutionalised older people in northern Sydney. Med J Aust. 2002;176:560.

  45. Okuno J, Tomura S, Yanagi H. [Correlation between vitamin D and functional capacity, physical function among Japanese frail elderly living in the community]. Nippon Ronen Igakkai Zasshi. 2007;44:634-40.

  46. Morley JE. Aspects of the medical history unique to older persons. Jama. 1993;269:675, 7-8.

  47. Von Haehling S, Morley JE, Anker SD. An overview of sarcopenia: facts and numbers on prevalence and clinical impact. J Cachex Sarcopenia Muscle. 2010;1:129-33.

  48. Lang T, Streeper T, Cawthon P, Baldwin K, Taaffe DR, Harris TB. Sarcopenia: etiology, clinical consequences, intervention, and assessment. Osteoporos Int. 2010;21:543-59.

  49. Cruz-Jentoft AJ, Baeyens JP, Bauer JM, Boirie Y, Cederholm T, Landi F, et al. Sarcopenia: European consensus on definition and diagnosis: Report of the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People. Age Ageing. 2010;39:412-23.

  50. Frontera WR, Meredith CN, O’Reilly KP, Knuttgen HG, Evans WJ. Strength conditioning in older men: skeletal muscle hypertrophy and improved function. J Appl Physiol. 1988;64:1038-44.

  51. Henwood TR, Taaffe DR. Detraining and retraining in older adults following long-term muscle power or muscle strength specific training. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2008;63:751-8.

  52. Liu CJ, Latham NK. Progressive resistance strength training for improving physical function in older adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2009:CD002759.

  53. Brown M, Sinacore DR, Ehsani AA, Binder EF, Holloszy JO, Kohrt WM. Low-intensity exercise as a modifier of physical frailty in older adults. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2000;81:960-5.

  54. Theou O, Stathokostas L, Roland KP, Jakobi JM, Patterson C, Vandervoort AA, et al. The effectiveness of exercise interventions for the management of frailty: a systematic review. J Aging Res. 2011;2011:569194.

  55. Burton LA, Sumukadas D. Optimal management of sarcopenia. Clin Interv Aging. 2010;5:217-28.

  56. Milne AC, Potter J, Vivanti A, Avenell A. Protein and energy supplementation in elderly people at risk from malnutrition. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2009:CD003288.

  57. Taaffe DR, Newman AB, Haggerty CL, et al. Estrogen replacement, muscle composition, and physical function: The Health ABC Study. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2005;37:1741-7.




2020     |     www.medigraphic.com