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Centro de Investigaciones Regionales Dr. Hideyo Noguchi, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán

2011, Número 3

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Rev Biomed 2011; 22 (3)


Obesidad, síndrome metabólico y su impacto en las enfermedades cardiovasculares

Contreras-Leal ÉA, Santiago-García J

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 70
Paginas: 103-115
Archivo PDF: 369.52 Kb.


RESUMEN

La ingesta excesiva de calorías acompañada de una vida sedentaria son factores que promueven el crecimiento del tejido adiposo y la obesidad. En condiciones fisiológicas normales, el tejido adiposo libera diversas moléculas bioactivas, tales como: leptina, adiponectina, interleucina-6 (IL-6), el factor de necrosis tumoral-α (TNF-α) y el inhibidor del activador del plasminógeno (PAI-1). En condiciones patológicas de obesidad, ante la presencia de tejido adiposo disfuncional, se altera el balance de estas moléculas, aumenta la liberación de leptina, IL-6 y TNF-α y disminuye adiponectina; situación que contribuye de manera importante al desarrollo del síndrome metabólico, dislipidemia y enfermedades cardiovasculares. En este artículo se revisan las principales alteraciones metabólicas ocasionadas por la obesidad, como son: dislipidemia, estrés oxidativo, inflamación, resistencia a la insulina, diabetes, disfunción endotelial; factores de riesgo para el desarrollo de aterosclerosis, infarto de miocardio y otras enfermedades cardiovasculares.


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