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Revista de la Asociación Médica del Centro Médico ABC

2012, Número 1

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An Med Asoc Med Hosp ABC 2012; 57 (1)


Neuralgia del trigémino

García HMG, Sánchez RJP, Tenopala VS

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 51
Paginas: 39-47
Archivo PDF: 96.42 Kb.


RESUMEN

Introducción: La neuralgia del trigémino se define por la IASP (Asociación Internacional para el Estudio del Dolor) como «dolor paroxístico, unilateral, severo, penetrante, de corta duración y recurrente en la distribución de una o varias de las ramas del V par craneal». Puede ser esencial o secundaria. Su prevalencia es alta y ha ido aumentando junto con la expectativa de vida, constituye el 89% de las neuralgias faciales en personas mayores de 60 años. Anatomía: El nervio trigémino (V par craneal) es el más grande de los nervios craneales, es mixto y se divide en: nervio oftálmico (sensitivo) que atraviesa la hendidura esfenoidal por la fisura orbitaria superior, nervio maxilar (sensitivo) y nervio mandibular (sensitivo y motor). Diagnóstico: Se basa en el cuadro clínico con exploración física y neurológica. Existen estudios complementarios como placas simples (Rx), potenciales evocados, TAC y la RM cerebral, los cuales están enfocados a diferenciar entre una neuralgia esencial o secundaria. Tratamiento: Es multimodal, se inicia con fármacos utilizando anticonvulsivos, antidepresivos y opioides débiles, hasta llegar a procedimientos intervensionistas.


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