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Anales de Otorrinolaringología Mexicana

2012, Número 3

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Otorrinolaringología 2012; 57 (3)


Importancia de la caracterización fenotípica y funcional de linfocitos T en tejido amigdalino en pacientes aptos para amigdalectomía

Talayero PJA, Catorena MA, Soda MA, Chávez GL, Sada OI

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 49
Paginas: 119-132
Archivo PDF: 213.16 Kb.


RESUMEN

Antecedentes: Las amígdalas palatinas son una barrera anatómica y funcional que dependen de la intervención del sistema inmunológico adaptativo. En casos de amigdalitis crónica, los procesos de presentación antigénica y activación celular pueden modificarse, por lo que remover de forma terapéutica las amígdalas crónicamente enfermas habría que considerarse una ventaja potencial.
Objetivos: Identificar las características fenotípicas y funcionales de los linfocitos T y B y las células dendríticas del tejido amigdalino. Valorar el efecto terapéutico que esto puede tener en la toma de decisiones para el manejo de estos pacientes.
Pacientes y métodos: Se estudiaron 10 pacientes en edad pediátrica con indicación de amigdalectomía, para obtener células mononucleares palatinas e identificar a las subpoblaciones linfoides y mieloides mediante citometría de flujo. Posteriormente se evaluó la funcionalidad de los linfocitos T CD4+ y T CD8+.
Resultados: Se demostró que los linfocitos T CD4+ y T CD8+ son funcionales con base en su capacidad para producir múltiples citocinas simultáneamente, ejercer actividad citotóxica y diferenciarse en poblaciones de memoria. El estudio de las poblaciones de células dendríticas, mieloides y plasmocitoides reveló que en el tejido amigdalino hay 1.39% de células mieloides y 0.19% de plasmocitoides.
Conclusiones: Los linfocitos T CD4+ y CD8+ de tejido amigdalino son funcionales a pesar de haber estado sometidos a estimulación crónica por infecciones de repetición. Contrario a lo que sustenta la bibliografía, los autores rechazan la posibilidad de que sea un tejido disfuncional en mayor o menor grado.


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