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2013, Número S1

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Rev Mex Cir Endoscop 2013; 14 (S1)


La revolución pedagógica en la cirugía, Parte III. Metodología de la enseñanza de destrezas psicomotoras: los simuladores

Quirarte CC, Muñoz HJD

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 64
Paginas: 37-51
Archivo PDF: 225.60 Kb.


RESUMEN

La presente parte III de IV está dedicada a los nuevos instrumentos del aprendizaje de habilidades psicomotoras en cirugía: los simuladores. Se discurre sobre el papel de la simulación en el entrenamiento quirúrgico en sus tres enfoques: 1) como herramienta didáctica, 2) como instrumento de medición (evaluación objetiva) y 3) como recurso de investigación. Se analiza la diferencia entre simuladores y simulacros y su campo de aplicación. Se establece el propósito primordial de la simulación en cirugía como la adquisición y el perfeccionamiento de habilidades y destrezas psicomotoras transferibles a la cirugía real en el paciente real. Se analizan las dificultades que la interfase tecnológica en la cirugía laparoscópica presenta en relación con la cirugía tradicional y la importancia de tal diferencia en el entrenamiento por medio de simuladores. Se describen los tipos y la fidelidad de los simuladores para entrenamiento quirúrgico; los modelos mecánicos, los modelos de realidad virtual y los biológicos, con algunos ejemplos. Metodología: Se realizó una búsqueda por internet a través de Medline, Pubmed NCBI, Google Académico, Medigraphic y Wikipedia, utilizando los descriptores: «surgical education», «surgical teaching», «simulators in surgery», «surgical competencies», «metodología de la investigación», «teorías del aprendizaje», «aprendizaje de destrezas motoras» y mediante la consulta de algunos libros originales sobre los temas tratados.


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