Espinosa-Sotero MC, Tecuatl HBL, Saltigeral SP

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 41
Paginas: 225-233
Archivo PDF: 253.94 Kb.

RESUMEN

En la actualidad, el citomegalovirus (CMV) es el agente más frecuente de infección congénita presente al nacimiento y es la principal causa infecciosa de sordera neurosensorial y de retraso psicomotor. Tiene una distribución mundial con una prevalencia que varía entre 0.5 y 2.4% de los recién nacidos vivos. Aproximadamente, 10% de los recién nacidos infectados por CMV presentaran síntomas al nacer, mientras que 90% son asintomáticos. Las manifestaciones más frecuentes son: petequias o púrpura, hepatoesplenomegalia, ictericia, hipoacusia y microcefalia. En la infección asintomática, el hallazgo y secuela permanente más importante es la hipoacusia neurosensorial. El diagnóstico de la infección congénita por CMV se basa en los hallazgos clínicos, pruebas de laboratorio, estudios de gabinete y métodos moleculares, siendo la reacción en cadena de polimerasa cuantitativa (carga viral para CMV) el estándar de oro. El ganciclovir es un nucleósido análogo de la 2’-deoxiguanosina que inhibe la replicación del virus, se utiliza en dosis de 12 mg/kg/día, dos veces al día, durante seis semanas. La recomendación es que todos los neonatos con infección congénita y afección del sistema nervioso central (SNC) reciban tratamiento con ganciclovir para prevenir el desarrollo de hipoacusia y de alteraciones del lenguaje y el aprendizaje.

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