Bolaños-Jiménez R, Arizmendi-Vargas J, Calderón-Álvarez TJL, Carrillo-Ruiz JD, Rivera-Silva G, Jiménez-Ponce F

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 45
Paginas: 141-148
Archivo PDF: 242.46 Kb.

RESUMEN

Objetivo: La espasticidad es un signo descrito desde hace siglos, sin embargo, esta definición se torna difícil de entender inclusive para el neurólogo, neurocirujano y terapeuta. Esta revisión pretende analizar el significado y clarificar la visión de lo que hace que se asiente en la práctica clínica, para diferenciar entre un paciente con espasticidad de quien no la presenta. Desarrollo: La espasticidad es una enfermedad que se produce secundariamente a un insulto del sistema nervioso central, a cualquier nivel. Se define como un aumento del reflejo de estiramiento muscular el cual depende del movimiento muscular para su manifestación. Existen diversos mecanismos patogénicos implicados en este trastorno, incluyendo una mayor excitación neuronal y una disminución de las inhibiciones neuronales, que traen como consecuencia, hiperreflexia e hipertonía. Conclusiones: La espasticidad es el resultado del efecto de los diferentes eventos que ocurren en el sistema nervioso central, como traumatismos, enfermedades dismielinizantes, tumores, etc., cuyo daño principal se produce en el tracto piramidal, siendo inespecífico el papel de las vías para-piramidales, causando como consecuencia signos de hipertonía e hiperreflexia, siendo éstos no evidentes en otras entidades nosológicas.

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