medigraphic.com

2012, Número 4

Med Sur 2012; 19 (4)


Entendiendo el inmunofenotipo de las neoplasias de células B maduras

Sarmiento-Chavero M, Gabiño-López NB

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 75
Paginas: 212-221
Archivo PDF: 185.54 Kb.


RESUMEN

Las neoplasias de células B maduras son los tumores linfoides más frecuentes. En los últimos diez años ha habido cambios drásticos en su clasificación. Anteriormente sólo se utilizaban criterios morfológicos, pero en la última clasificación de la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS), en 2008, se perfeccionó el uso de criterios en biología molecular y citogenética. Actualmente se cuenta con más de 25 tipos de neoplasias de células B maduras que comparten un origen común, pero existen diferencias en su expresión genética y en su fenotipo, por lo que presentan grandes variaciones en su historia natural y en su respuesta a tratamiento. Para el apropiado estudio y tratamiento de las neoplasias hematológicas y linfoides es indispensable tener conocimientos sobre biología molecular y citogenética porque estos criterios han evolucionado más allá de la clasificación y se han convertido con base en la terapéutica. Algunos de los subtipos más importantes de las neoplasias B maduras son linfoma B difuso de células grandes, linfoma folicular, linfoma del manto y linfoma de la zona marginal. En algunas ocasiones el diagnóstico diferencial por microscopia de luz de estos tumores es complicado (si no imposible). Por lo que la inmunohistoquímica se ha convertido en una herramienta esencial en el laboratorio de anatomía patológica. El objetivo de esta revisión es ayudar al equipo médico a entender la clasificación de las neoplasias de linfocitos B maduras, debido a que es un tema complicado pero fundamental para el adecuado tratamiento de estas neoplasias.


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