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2015, Número 3

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Rev Cubana Estomatol 2015; 52 (3)


Preservación de la glándula submandibular en las disecciones linfonodulares de cuello

Coca GRM, Vila MD

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 75
Paginas: 61-77
Archivo PDF: 385.20 Kb.


RESUMEN

Introducción: el desarrollo acelerado de la oncología ha condicionado recientes modificaciones terapéuticas que pudieran incluir la preservación de la glándula submandibular en las disecciones de cuello. Objetivos: identificar los criterios para preservar quirúrgicamente la glándula submandibular y exponer los fundamentos científico-teóricos que permitan plantear una modificación a la técnica de disección de cuello para conservar esta glándula. Métodos: se realizó una búsqueda exhaustiva retrospectiva de artículos publicados en las bases de datos electrónicas Pubmed, Medline, Cochrane e Hinari desde enero de 2009 hasta julio de 2014, en las revistas Head and Neck, Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery y The Laryngoscope con los términos: “preservación glándula submandibular”, “criterios oncológicos conservar glándula submandibular”, “modificaciones disecciones linfonodulares cervicales”, sin restricciones idiomáticas. Se incluyeron solo los artículos publicados durante los últimos cinco años, cuyo material y método reflejara: estudios poblacionales, disecciones de cuello como tratamiento oncoespecífico y confirmación anatomo-patológica para concluir el diagnóstico. Análisis e integración de la información: de 3 estudios que conformaron una metapoblación de 829 pacientes, donde se preservó la glándula submandibular en un grupo de pacientes con tumores de cavidad bucal y orofaringe y disecciones de cuello simultáneas, se evidenció que no hubo diferencias en cuanto a recaída local, regional, a distancia ni sobrevida al compararlos con otro grupo de pacientes donde la disección de cuello no incluyó este proceder. Conclusión: los estudios coinciden en el bajo riesgo de metástasis ocultas a la glándula por carcinomas escamosos de cabeza y cuello, xerostomía posquirúrgica y factibilidad de la técnica quirúrgica como fundamentos para preservar la submandibular, de igual manera en que la ausencia de terapia oncoespecífica anterior, linfonódulos positivos en el subnivel IB y relación entre el tumor primario y la glándula son criterios necesarios en la selección de candidatos para realizar este proceder.


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