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2014, Número 2

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MEDICC Review 2014; 16 (2)


Enfermedad renal crónica y factores de riesgo asociados en dos comunidades agrícolas salvadoreñas, 2012

Vela PXF, Henríquez TDO, Zelaya QSM, Granados CDV, Hernández CMX, Orantes NCM

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 39
Paginas: 55-60
Archivo PDF: 225.72 Kb.


RESUMEN

Introducción: La enfermedad renal crónica (ERC) es una pandemia que afecta a la mayoría de los países en el mundo. Su prevalencia es del 10%, y se asocia principalmente a la diabetes mellitus y la hipertensión arterial. En El Salvador, constituye la primera causa de muerte hospitalaria entre los hombres.
Objetivo: Determinar la prevalencia de la enfermedad renal crónica y los factores de riesgo en dos comunidades agrícolas salvadoreñas.
Métodos: Se realizó un estudio transversal desde marzo hasta septiembre de 2012 en dos comunidades agrícolas salvadoreñas: Dimas Rodríguez (municipio El Paisnal) y El Jícaro (municipio San Agustín). Se aplicaron tanto el método clínico como el epidemiológico. Se efectuó una búsqueda activa de ERC y de sus factores de riesgo en la población mayor de 15 años de edad. Se realizaron visitas casa por casa, para llenar las historias de salud familiar y personal y obtener datos sobre determinantes sociales y factores de riesgo. Se realizó examen físico y pruebas de laboratorio (análisis de orina y hemoquímica) para medir función renal y detectar marcadores de daño renal.
Resultados: Se estudiaron 223 personas de ambos sexos. La prevalencia general de ERC fue 50.2%. La prevalencia de insuficiencia renal crónica fue 16.1% con ligeras variaciones entre sexos. En “El Jícaro”, 77.3% de los participantes reportaron contacto con agroquímicos y 76.6% eran agricultores. Las respectivas cifras para la comunidad “Dimas Rodríguez” fueron 75.8% y 73.7%. Otro de los factores de riesgo que se reportó con mayor frecuencia fue el uso de AINES con 61.7% en la comunidad El Jícaro y 77.9% en la comunidad Dimas Rodríguez.
Conclusiones: La prevalencia de la ERC es alarmante en estas comunidades tanto en jóvenes como en viejos, y en hombres como en mujeres, independientemente de la ocupación. Los servicios de salud deben enfrentar el incremento de la carga que supone la ERC y tienen el reto de implementar estrategias preventivas.


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