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Sociedad Mexicana de Dermatología y Academia Mexicana de Dermatología.

2016, Número 3

Dermatol Rev Mex 2016; 60 (3)


Actualidades en el tratamiento del prurito crónico

Lagos A, Tirado-Sánchez A, Ponce-Olivera RM

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 114
Paginas: 229-246
Archivo PDF: 557.13 Kb.


RESUMEN

El prurito es el síntoma más importante en diversas enfermedades dermatológicas, como la dermatitis atópica y la psoriasis. La complejidad de la evocación y trasmisión de los impulsos pruriceptivos hacen difícil dilucidar la causa precisa del prurito en cada enfermedad que lo manifiesta. Las formas crónicas del prurito (más de seis semanas) causan deterioro en la calidad de vida de los pacientes. En la actualidad se han dilucidado varios mecanismos de acción y el perfil de seguridad de los tratamientos administrados, como los anestésicos locales, capsaicina, cinc, mentol, alcanfor, inhibidores de la calcineurina, inhibidores de mastocitos, agonistas y antagonistas de los receptores opioides, cannabinoides, talidomida, neurolépticos y algunos inmunosupresores. Asimismo, se han desarrollado nuevos medicamentos específicos a partir de los descubrimientos en las vías pruriceptivas, como los antihistamínicos H4, olopatadina, aprepitant, neurotropina, antagonista del factor de crecimiento nervioso y la semaforina 3A.

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