2016, Número 3
Dermatol Rev Mex 2016; 60 (3)
Actualidades en el tratamiento del prurito crónico
Lagos A, Tirado-Sánchez A, Ponce-Olivera RM
Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 114
Paginas: 229-246
Archivo PDF: 557.13 Kb.
RESUMEN
El prurito es el síntoma más importante en diversas enfermedades dermatológicas,
como la dermatitis atópica y la psoriasis. La complejidad
de la evocación y trasmisión de los impulsos pruriceptivos hacen difícil
dilucidar la causa precisa del prurito en cada enfermedad que lo manifiesta.
Las formas crónicas del prurito (más de seis semanas) causan
deterioro en la calidad de vida de los pacientes. En la actualidad se han
dilucidado varios mecanismos de acción y el perfil de seguridad de los
tratamientos administrados, como los anestésicos locales, capsaicina,
cinc, mentol, alcanfor, inhibidores de la calcineurina, inhibidores de
mastocitos, agonistas y antagonistas de los receptores opioides, cannabinoides,
talidomida, neurolépticos y algunos inmunosupresores.
Asimismo, se han desarrollado nuevos medicamentos específicos a
partir de los descubrimientos en las vías pruriceptivas, como los antihistamínicos
H4, olopatadina, aprepitant, neurotropina, antagonista
del factor de crecimiento nervioso y la semaforina 3A.
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