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2018, Número 4

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Rev Fac Med UNAM 2018; 61 (4)


Inmunidad e inflamación en el proceso quirúrgico

López-Bago A, González RRE, Ruíz SJE, Rivera JJ

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 28
Paginas: 7-15
Archivo PDF: 238.07 Kb.


RESUMEN

Todo acto quirúrgico implica un traumatismo directo al organismo, porque expone moléculas que normalmente no se encuentran en el medio extracelular, a las cuales el sistema inmune puede reconocer, e iniciará una respuesta inflamatoria aguda, con la consecuente producción de proteínas mensajeras llamadas citocinas proinflamatorias. Éstas se encargan de generar cambios en el tejido conectivo y el sistema vascular, lo que origina una vasodilatación que ocasiona la salida de líquido al espacio extracelular, lo que permitirá llegar al sitio de la lesión a los leucocitos y proteínas efectoras solubles, con el fin de responder al estímulo agresor mediante mecanismos innatos y adaptativos. Una vez que el estímulo agresor ha sido controlado, la respuesta fisiológica normal llevará a la producción de mediadores antiinflamatorios que permitan realizar una adecuada reparación tisular para llevar a los tejidos lesionados por el proceso quirúrgico a su estado normal.


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