Vidal-Mayo JJ

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 96
Paginas: 746-761
Archivo PDF: 437.48 Kb.

RESUMEN

Una primera crisis epiléptica en pacientes adultos es un problema común en la práctica clínica y su manejo representa un desafío para los médicos. El objetivo de esta revisión es proporcionar un abordaje clínico sistemático para la clasificación, diagnóstico y tratamiento de los pacientes que han experimentado una primera crisis porque ello podría auxiliar al clínico a reconocer y tratar apropiadamente esta afección. Debido a que una primera crisis puede tener diversas causas, es esencial identificar si el evento correspondió a una crisis provocada (sintomática aguda) o no provocada. Por tanto, la clasificación adecuada de la crisis es fundamental para establecer la duración del abordaje diagnóstico, la necesidad de una intervención terapéutica y el pronóstico en cada caso. Los pacientes diagnosticados con una crisis única no provocada requieren la realización de un electroencefalograma y una resonancia magnética para estimar el riesgo de recurrencia e identificar a los pacientes que cumplen criterios diagnósticos de epilepsia. Asimismo, se recomienda individualizar el tratamiento con fármacos antiepilépticos para reducir el riesgo de recurrencia temprana (≤ 2 años), debido a que esto puede producir efectos adversos. Por último, señalamos algunas áreas de incertidumbre para incentivar la investigación a futuro en este tema.

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