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TIP Revista Especializada en Ciencias Químico-Biológicas

2018, Número S2

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TIP Rev Esp Cienc Quim Biol 2018; 21 (S2)


Domesticación, diversidad y recursos genéticos y genómicos de México: El caso de las calabazas

Eguiarte LE, Hernández-Rosales HS, Barrera-Redondo J, Castellanos-Morales G, Paredes-Torres LM, Sánchez-de la Vega G, Ruiz-Mondragón KY, Vázquez-Lobo A, Montes-Hernández S, Aguirre-Planter E, Souza V, Lira R

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 230
Paginas: 85-101
Archivo PDF: 1790.66 Kb.


RESUMEN

La domesticación de plantas y animales permite estudiar diferentes procesos evolutivos, como la selección, adaptación y especiación. En este artículo se describen avances recientes en el estudio de las calabazas, las cuales constituyen el género Cucurbita (Cucurbitaceae) siendo un grupo de plantas herbáceas americanas que incluyen entre 12 y 15 especies. Cucurbita ha tenido seis eventos de domesticación, de los cuales cuatro sucedieron en México. Este es un género relativamente reciente, que surgió en Norte América hace 16 millones de años y sus especies cultivadas mantienen una alta variación genética; Cucurbita pepo es la especie que presenta mayor variación genética,variación asociada a dos domesticaciones independientes, una en el norte de México, y otra en el Sureste de los Estados Unidos. En otra especie, Cucurbita argyrosperma, sus poblaciones de la Península de Yucatán, representan una poza genética diferenciada del resto de la especie. El estudio del genoma de C. argyrosperma y taxa cercanos ha revelado las regiones de su genoma asociadas a la domesticación. Las poblaciones de las especies de este género representan una fuente de importantes recursos genéticos frente al cambio climático y constituyen un buen sistema para el estudio de la domesticación y de diferentes procesos evolutivos.


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