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TIP Revista Especializada en Ciencias Químico-Biológicas

2018, Número S1

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TIP Rev Esp Cienc Quim Biol 2018; 21 (S1)


Memoria inmunológica innata, la pieza faltante de la respuesta inmunológica

Pérez-Vázquez D, Contreras-Castillo E, Licona-Limón P

Idioma: Ingles.
Referencias bibliográficas: 60
Paginas: 112-123
Archivo PDF: 538.73 Kb.


RESUMEN

Evidencia acumulada en la década pasada, ha demostrado una capacidad del compartimento inmune innato que había pasado desapercibida, esta es la habilidad inesperada de las células innatas de mejorar su respuesta frente a una reexposición inmunológica. Esta capacidad se conoce como inmunidad entrenada y se parece a la memoria inmunológica adaptativa, sin embargo, carece de la especificidad de reconocimiento antigénico propio de los linfocitos. Mecanísticamente, este tipo de memoria o inmunidad entrenada, a diferencia de la recombinación somática e hipermutación de receptores antígeno-específicos en la memoria adaptativa; depende de receptores de reconocimiento de patrones y cambios metabólicos que llevan a modificaciones a largo plazo en el escenario epigenético, predisponiendo a la cromatina a expresar citocinas inflamatorias ante una re-exposición patogénica. En esta revisión resumiremos y discutiremos los avances científicos dilucidando las diferentes poblaciones innatas con propiedades de memoria, sus receptores, moléculas río abajo y citocinas efectoras involucradas en el desarrollo y mantenimiento de la memoria entrenada. Esta nueva evidencia rompe con un dogma muy importante en inmunología, eliminando las barreras que separan los compartimentos innatos y adaptativos del sistema immune, y posiciona a la memoria inmunológica como un mecanismo compartido por todos los tipos celulares inmunes capaz de proveer al hospedero de protección a largo plazo.


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