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Órgano Oficial del Sistema Mexicano de Investigación en Psicología (SMIP)

2018, Número 2

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Rev Mex Invest Psic 2018; 10 (2)


Mindfulness, autorregulación emocional y reducción de estrés: ¿ciencia o ficción?

Moscoso MS

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 78
Paginas: 101-121
Archivo PDF: 814.76 Kb.


RESUMEN

Mindfulness —la práctica de enfocar y sostener la atención en el momento presente, sin elaborar juicios de valor— es un modelo de intervención psicológica basado en evidencia empírica sobre el cual se ha generado un creciente interés durante las dos últimas décadas estimulado por el desarrollo de las ciencias neurocognitivas. La magnitud de los efectos de los dos modelos más importantes de intervención en mindfulness —reducción del estrés basada en mindfulness (MBSR) y terapia cognitiva basada en mindfulness (MBCT)— en los procesos de regulación emocional y reducción de estrés se encuentran activamente en constante proceso de evaluación empírica. Los resultados reportados en los últimos 18 estudios de metaanálisis sugieren que ambos modelos modulan los procesos de autorregulación emocional y cognitiva bajo condiciones de estrés. Específicamente, reportan un efecto moderado en síntomas físicos como el dolor, y psicológicos como la ansiedad, depresión y distrés emocional. Sin embargo, a pesar de la elevada producción científica, los reportes presentan dificultades para interpretar los hallazgos reportados en muchos estudios debido a las limitaciones conceptuales y metodológicas inherentes al desarrollo reciente de esta área de investigación. De hecho, una de las limitaciones más notorias es la falta de estudios empíricos aleatorizados (randomized controlled trials o RCT’s, por sus siglas en inglés) que incluyan a un grupo “activo de comparación”. De igual manera, no existe un claro consenso acerca de los mecanismos de acción a través de los cuales esta forma de intervención ofrece los beneficios reportados. Por tal motivo, el propósito de este artículo-objetivo es presentar una revisión crítica del marco conceptual y metodológico de la práctica de mindfulness, así como de sus mecanismos de acción y los resultados reportados en 18 estudios de metaanálisis encontrados en la literatura científica actual.


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