Martínez-Villegas O, Baptista-González HA

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 33
Paginas: 96-105
Archivo PDF: 447.78 Kb.

RESUMEN

La deficiencia de hierro y la anemia por deficiencia de hierro se manifiestan en todas las etapas de la vida, los grupos más vulnerables son niños, adolescentes y mujeres en edad reproductiva con gran repercusión médica y social; ambos trastornos deben ser entendidos dentro del continuo de la vida del ser humano porque una etapa previa resulta fundamental para explicar las variaciones en edades posteriores. Diferentes condiciones fisiológicas y patológicas favorecen la anemia por deficiencia de hierro; en México, sin duda, la ingesta alta de fitatos en niños de uno a cuatro años es un factor de riesgo. Las manifestaciones clínicas dependen de la gravedad de la anemia, edad, comorbilidades, cronicidad y velocidad de inicio. La ferritina sérica es la prueba más específica que refleja las reservas de hierro en el organismo. La deficiencia de hierro y la anemia no se alivian con el tratamiento farmacológico a base de los diferentes componentes con hierro, es importante entender los problemas que aquejan al grupo etario particular y los antecedentes de ese grupo. En México la deficiencia de hierro y la anemia por deficiencia de hierro continúan siendo un problema de salud pública, existen diferentes estrategias que se han implementado para prevenirlas; sin embargo, en los últimos años ha disminuido su interés a tal grado de no aparecer ya en las Encuestas Nacionales de Salud y Nutrición, hecho que limita la evaluación de la efectividad de las intervenciones para atacarla.

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