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Revista Mexicana de Trastornos Alimentarios

2018, Número 1

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Revista Mexicana de Trastornos Alimentarios 2018; 9 (1)


Observación y análisis “en vivo” de comidas familiares de pacientes con trastorno alimentario

Mayorga J, Pino RS, Gempeler RJ, Rodríguez GM

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 31
Paginas: 82-94
Archivo PDF: 160.21 Kb.


RESUMEN

Involucrar a la familia en el tratamiento de los trastornos del comportamiento alimentario (TCA) es una recomendación clave de las guías de práctica clínica para adolescentes. El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar los patrones de interacción y roles familiares, sus estilos de respuesta emocional y las características del menú traído a una se pasión de comida terapéutica familiar (CTF). Participaron las familias de 13 pacientes con TCA, de entre 12 y 29 años de edad, asistentes a un programa ambulatorio intensivo. Dos terapeutas llenaron de manera independiente una matriz de observación de la sesión de CTF e hicieron anotaciones de campo; además fueron utilizadas estrategias de triangulación de datos, considerando diferentes fuentes (contenidos de las sesiones individuales y grupales) y técnicas (observación en vivo y entrevista familiar). El análisis realizado reveló, independientemente del tipo de TCA o de la edad de las pacientes, la predominancia de comportamientos evitativos en las familias; en menor medida, y principalmente en los padres, los patrones agresivos, retadores o de amenaza también estuvieron presentes. No obstante, resultó evidente la discordancia entre el comportamiento observado en la CTF vs. el reportado por las pacientes y sus terapeutas. En general, estuvieron ampliamente presentes patrones comportamentales que pueden contribuir al mantenimiento de la enfermedad.


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