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2019, Número 1

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Revista Habanera de Ciencias Médicas 2019; 18 (1)


Diabetes mellitus tipo 2 y toxicidad por quimioterapia en adultos mayores con cáncer prostático

Runzer-Colmenares FM, Chambergo-Michilot D, Espinoza-Gutiérrez GA, Corcuera-Ciudad R, Patiño-Villena AF, Paima-Olivari R, Luján PMG, Cabrera-López M, Parodi JF

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 28
Paginas: 74-87
Archivo PDF: 625.22 Kb.


RESUMEN

Introducción: Siendo el cáncer prostático una neoplasia prevalente, el envejecimiento es un factor para la toxicidad quimioterapéutica, adicionalmente puede incrementarse por enfermedades crónicas, destacando la diabetes. A pesar de estos conocimientos, no hay estudios que evalúen la asociación entre la diabetes y el riesgo de toxicidad quimioterapéutica en estos pacientes.
Objetivo: Determinar la asociación entre Diabetes Mellitus tipo 2 y riesgo de toxicidad por quimioterapia en adultos mayores con cáncer prostático del Servicio de Geriatría del Centro Médico Naval del Perú.
Material y métodos: Estudio analítico de cohorte retrospectiva, análisis secundario de una base de datos. Se evaluaron los efectos adversos de quimioterapia y factores asociados de 161 marinos retirados con cáncer prostático entre 2013 y 2015. Se construyó un modelo de regresión de Cox sobre la toxicidad ajustado por el antecedente de diabetes, edad, antecedentes patológicos, antecedentes de consumo de tabaco, circunferencia de pantorrilla, actividad física, dependencia para ABVD, caídas, polifarmacia, fragilidad y vulnerabilidad.
Resultados: El 23.6% presentó diabetes. La prevalencia de fragilidad fue del 39.7% y de vulnerabilidad, de 24.2% (G8) y 26.71% (VES-13). Los efectos adversos frecuentes fueron gastrointestinales (13.04%) y hematológicos (8.07%). Mediante el modelo de regresión ajustado, el antecedente de Diabetes Mellitus tipo 2, 3 o más antecedentes patológicos, antecedente de consumo de tabaco, circunferencia de pantorrilla, actividad física, dependencia de ABVD, caídas, polifarmacia, vulnerabilidad y fragilidad presentaron asociación significativa.
Conclusiones: El antecedente de Diabetes Mellitus tipo 2 es un factor predictivo para el riesgo de toxicidad por quimioterapia en adultos mayores con cáncer prostático.


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