2019, Número 3
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Rev Cubana Estomatol 2019; 56 (3)
Salud bucal, higiene y hábitos bucales en personas con trastorno del espectro autista
Mirtala OL, Cantero-Fuentealba C, Schmidlin-Espinoza L, Luengo L
Idioma: Ingles.
Referencias bibliográficas: 27
Paginas: 1-13
Archivo PDF: 506.43 Kb.
RESUMEN
Introducción: Las personas con trastorno del espectro autista tienen un mayor riesgo de presentar complicaciones dentales, debido a las características propias de la enfermedad.
Objetivo: Describir el estado de salud bucal, hábitos de higiene y hábitos bucales de un grupo de niños, adolescentes y adultos chilenos con trastorno del espectro autista.
Métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo de 123 sujetos con trastorno del espectro autista. Se aplicó un cuestionario sobre información socio-demográfica, antecedentes dentales, hábitos de higiene bucal y hábitos bucales, y se realizó un examen odontológico a cada participante para determinar la experiencia y prevalencia de caries, la puntuación según el índice de higiene bucal simplificado y el
índice gingival, así como la presencia de traumatismo dentario, paladar profundo/ojival,
mordida abierta anterior y mordida cruzada anterior y posterior.
Resultados: El 48% de los sujetos con trastorno del espectro autista se cepillaba dos veces al día y el 68,0 % tenía un cepillado asistido. El 94,3 % presentaba hábitos bucales, de los cuales los
más frecuentes eran el bruxismo con 57,7 % y la respiración bucal con 52,9 %. La
prevalencia de caries fue de 33,3 %, el índice total de caries en dentición permanente
de 1,1 ± 1,8 y el índice total de caries en dentición temporal y permanente de 2,6 ±
3,3. El índice de higiene bucal simplificado para los 123 sujetos fue de 1,30 ± 0,58.
Conclusiones: La mayor parte de los sujetos tenían un cepillado asistido y lo
realizaban dos veces al día. Los hábitos bucales más prevalentes fueron el bruxismo y
la respiración bucal. En los 123 sujetos con trastorno del espectro autista se observó
una baja prevalencia de caries, un índice total de caries en dentición permanente muy
bajo y un índice de higiene bucal regular.
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