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2020, Número 1

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Rev cubana med 2020; 59 (1)


La COVID-19: un reto para la salud mundial

Valdés ÁK, Chao PC

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 41
Paginas: 1-13
Archivo PDF: 403.73 Kb.


RESUMEN

Introducción: La enfermedad producida por el Coronavirus 2019 ha impactado al mundo más allá de los límites de la salud pública a tres meses del diagnóstico del primer caso en China. En la actualidad afecta a 182 países, por lo que fue declarada pandemia por la Organización Mundial de la Salud.
Objetivo: Revisar los aspectos clínico-epidemiológicos más importantes reportados sobre esta enfermedad.
Desarrollo: La enfermedad se trasmite por las microgotas de saliva entre personas y por contacto con superficies contaminadas o heces. El periodo de incubación es hasta 14 días, en los cuales puede ocurrir trasmisión viral. Se caracteriza por un espectro sintomático variable, los pacientes pueden permanecer asintomáticos o presentar síntomas como fiebre, dolor de garganta, tos, anosmia y disnea. Aproximadamente 14 % de los casos presenta formas graves y 5 % evoluciona a estado crítico, asociado a complicaciones como el síndrome de distress respiratorio o shock séptico. El diagnóstico confirmatorio es a través de los estudios de reacción en cadena de polimerasa en tiempo real, en muestras respiratorias. No existe un tratamiento efectivo, aunque se emplean medicamentos, la mayoría de ellos como parte de ensayos clínicos.
Conclusiones: Es un fenómeno sin precedentes en el último siglo en relación al número de personas y países que ha afectado y al impacto en las dinámicas sociales y económicas del mundo actual.


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