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2020, Número 2

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Revista Habanera de Ciencias Médicas 2020; 19 (2)


Riesgos y retos para los profesionales de las disciplinas estomatológicas ante la COVID-19

Morales ND

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 55
Paginas: 1-18
Archivo PDF: 966.22 Kb.


RESUMEN

Introducción: Los procedimientos estomatológicos implican exposición frecuente a saliva, sangre y otros fluidos, por lo que existe riesgo de infección nosocomial con COVID-19.
Objetivo: describir la transmisión de la COVID-19, medidas y situación actual en estomatología.
Material y Métodos: se realizó una revisión bibliográfica en abril de 2020. Se evaluaron fundamentalmente revistas de la Web of Sciences. Todas las publicaciones incluidas fueron de 2020 en inglés y español. Se emplearon descriptores como: “coronavirus infections” y “transmission”.
Desarrollo: la enzima convertidora de angiotensina II tiene un nivel de expresión en tejidos bucales y es mayor en la lengua. La saliva es un medio de transmisión. Muchos trabajadores sanitarios se han contagiado y fallecido durante la pandemia. Los pacientes y profesionales de estomatología pueden exponerse a virus que infectan la cavidad bucal y el tracto respiratorio y las medidas recomendadas incluyen el cese de las actividades electivas, uso de elementos de barrera y control de aerosoles.
Conclusiones: la saliva es el medio de transmisión principal por COVID-19 en estomatología y los aerosoles originados en la atención aumentan el riesgo de contaminación. Las medidas recomendadas incluyen emplear medios de protección y desinfección de superficies. Muchos países suspendieron la atención estomatológica, a excepción de la urgente.


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